Dramatis personae

Matthew H. Edney

12 March 2024

As I’ve been working on the several strands of historiography—blog posts here, published works, and works in progress—I’ve been keeping notes about the basic biographical details of the various map historians and theorists that I’ve encountered and written about. Some people have ended up being cut from the final publications, but I have nonetheless kept them here. All told, this is not an attempt at a comprehensive listing of all map scholars and map historians!

I decided to makie this listing available as a means to pull the extensive bio-bibliographical literature out from my various works in progress, and so lighten the load of their critical apparatus. I intend to add to the content of this page in an ongoing manner, especially as I continue to work on the later chapters of the current work-in-progress. So, if you see errors or have relevant literature, please let me know; thanks!

For many people, I’ve collected details about obituaries and other publications, but for others that literature is either extensive and easily found (so omitted) or negligible. By and large, I’ve found Wikipedia actually quite good for the basics, although it tends to be rather skimpy on information about doctoral degrees and the dates worked by people at different institutions; I have not gone through all the various national dictionaries of biography such as Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie and the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, although I have used them when accessible. Please note that Wilhelm Bonacker’s Kartenmacher aller Länder und Zeiten (Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann, 1966) is full of small errors.

Within my essays, I use scholars’ own preferred bibliographical expression of their names (e.g., “J. B. Harley” rather than Brian Harley). The following list gives full names. I generally exclude living and active scholars.

Format:

Last\family name, personal names given in full (dates) type: description.

Note: preferred personal names are underlined (thus, Harley, John Brian); variants are provided within [brackets], common or nick names in “quotes.”

Type, specified when appropriate, is the particular historiographical mode in which the individual was active, as defined in an essay on early modern engagements with maps from the past (in progress) and in The Map: Concepts and Histories (also in progress). If not specified, then the individual is either a theorist or other significant commentator about maps. The categories are:

early modern – pre-ca. 1775, further subclassified as (classical) historian, geographer, or antiquary

comparative – majority of map historians since 1830s, seeking to trace growth of knowledge of the world or of states or provinces as markers of increasing sophistication of “civilization” and of national/provincial cultures

internal – practicing and academic map makers who study histories of technologies, techniques, institution, and individuals

reconstructive – historians and geographers interested in reconstructing past landscapes

sociocultural – wide array of scholars interested in histories of maps as cultural texts and social instruments

processual – historians of mapping processes (production, circulation, consumption)

Abbreviations:

HPC = Armando Cortesão, History of Portuguese Cartography, 2 vols. (Lisbon: Junta de investigacões do ultramar, 1969–71), esp. 1: 34–69, with a list of map historians.

Lexikon = Ingrid Kretschmer, Johannes Dörflinger, and Franz Wawrik, eds., Lexikon zur Geschichte der Kartographie von den Anfängen bis zum ersten Weltkrieg. Vol. C of Die Kartographie und ihre Randgebiete: Enzyklopädie, 2 vols. (Vienna: Franz Deuticke, 1986).

Adler, Bruno Fridrichowitsch (1874–1942) comparative: Russian geographer and ethnographer (PhD Leipzig 1901), professor at the University of Kazan (1910–21), coeditor of Gespräche (1922–25), and professor at Moscow State University (1925–33); sent into internal political exile and executed in 1942.

Allen, John Logan (b. 1941): US historical geographer and historian of discovery (PhD Clarke 1969), teaching at Connecticut (1967–2000) and Wyoming (2000–7).

Almagià, Roberto (1884–1962) comparative: Italian geographer (PhD Rome 1905), teaching at Padua (1911–15) and Rome (1915–38, 1945–58). HPC 66.

Barber, Peter. 2014. “‘I Draw a Line Here and Open a New Chapter’: The Bagrow-Almagià Correspondence, 1947–1955.” Imago Mundi 66 suppl.: 70–82.

Codazzi, Angela. 1964. “The Contribution of Roberto Almagià to the History of Cartography.” Imago Mundi 18: 78–80.

Crone, G. R. 1962. “Professor Roberto Almagià.” Geographical Journal 128, no. 3: 367–68.

Kish, George. 1991. “Roberto Almagià 1884–1962.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 13: 11–16.

Rinauro, Sandro. 2022. “Imperialist Italian geography currents in the work of Roberto Almagià and his ambiguous relationship with the fascist regime.” In Rethinking Geographical Explorations in Extreme Environments: From the Arctic to the Mountaintops, ed. Marco Armiero, Roberta Biasillo, and Stefano Morosini, 72–89. London: Routledge.

Alpers, Svetlana, née Leontief (b. 1936) sociocultural: US art historian (PhD Harvard 1965), teaching at UC-Berkeley (1962–94).

Anderson, Benedict (1936–2015): US political scientist (PhD Cornell 1967) and scholar of Southeast Asia.

Hague, Euan. 2011. “Benedict Anderson.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 18–25. London: SAGE.

Andree, Richard (1835–1912) comparative: German geographer and ethnographer; head of the geographical bureau of Velhagen & Klasing, Leipzig (1873–90), creating the Allgemeiner Handatlas (1st ed., 1881). Lexikon 1:16–17

Espenhorst, Jürgen. 2003–8. Petermann’s Planet: A Guide to German Handatlases and Their Siblings throughout the World, 1800–1950. Ed. George R. Crossman. 2 vols. Schwerte: Pangaea. pp. 1: 566–71.

Andrews, John Harwood (1927–2019) substantive. British-born historical geographer (PhD London 1954); taught at Trinity College Dublin (1954–90).

Laxton, Paul, and Paul Ferguson. 2021. “John Harwood Andrews, 27 May 1927–15 November 2019.” Imago Mundi 73, no. 1: 82–85.

Oliver, Richard. 2020. “John H. Andrews: Historian of Irish Cartography.” Cartographic Journal 57, no. 1: 90–91.

Whelan, Kevin. 1992. “Beyond a Paper Landscape: J. H. Andrews and Irish Historical Geography.” In Dublin City and County: From Prehistory to the Present. Studies in Honour of J. H. Andrews, ed. F. H. A. Aalen and Kevin Whelan, 379–424. Geography Publications.

Andrews, Michael Corbet (1874–1934) comparative: Belfast businessman and map collector. HPC 59–60.

Anonymous. 1937. “Michael Corbet Andrews, M.R.I.A., F.R.G.S.” Imago Mundi 2: 89.

Heawood, Edward. 1934. “Obituary: Michael Corbet Andrews.” Geographical Journal 84, no. 6: 541–42.

Anthiaume, Albert (1855–1931) comparative: French mathematician and Catholic priest (ordained 1881). HPC 49.

Anville, Jean-Baptiste Bourguinon d’ (1697–1782) early modern (historian): Leading French geographer. Lexikon 1: 18–21.

Blond, Stéphane, and Lucile Haguet. 2019. “Anville, Jean-Baptiste Bourguinon d’.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 115–17. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Haguet, Lucile. 2011. “J.-B. d’Anville as Armchair Mapmaker: The Impact of Production Contexts on His Work.” Imago Mundi 63, no. 1: 88–105.

Haguet, Lucille, and Catherine Hofmann, eds. 2018. Une carrière de géographe au siècle des Lumières: Jean-Baptiste d’Anville. Oxford: Voltaire Foundation.

Manne, Louis-Charles-Joseph de. 1802. Notice des ouvrages de M. d’Anville, premier géographe du roi…Précédée de son éloge. Paris: Fuchs et Demanne.

Arendt, Hannah (1906–1975): prominent German political philosopher, working in Paris (1933–1941) and then the USA.

Arnberger, Erik (1917–87) internal: Austrian academic cartographer (PhD Vienna 1948), professor at the University of Vienna (1961–83).

Kretschmer, Ingrid, ed. 1977. Beiträge zur theoretischen Kartographie = Studies in Theoretical Cartography = Études de cartographie théoritique: Festschrift für Erik Arnberger. Vienna: Franz Deuticke. pp. xi–xxxix.

Arnheim, Rudolf (1904–2007): German-born psychologist and art historian (PhD Berlin 1928) and media critic; moved to Rome (1933) then the USA (1940), teaching in New York then at Harvard (1968–74).

Arrowsmith, Aaron (1750–1823) early modern (geographer): prominent British geographer and publisher. Lexikon 1: 25–26.

Asher, Georg Michael (1827–1905): Berlin book dealer turned lawyer and Paris-based historian.

Avezac de Castera-Macaya, Marie Armand Pascal d’ (1799–1875) comparative: French geographer and librarian (Archives de la Marine et des colonies). HPC 32–34.

Gravier, Gabriel. 1888. “Notice biographique et bibliographique sur M. d’Avezac.” Bulletin de la société normande de géographie 10: 309–14.

Protásio, Daniel Estudante. 2018. “Varnhagen, Santarém e Avezac: Um episódio da polêmica vespuciana (1842-1858).” História da Historiografia 11, no. 27: 64–90.

Bagrow, Leo [Bagrov, Lev Semenovich] (1881–1957) comparative: Russian naval officer and hydrographer (1905–17); map and antique dealer in Berlin (1918–45), changing his name to Bagrow, and then in Stockholm (after 1945). Founding editor of Imago Mundi. HPC 64–65.

Barber, Peter. 2014. “‘I Draw a Line Here and Open a New Chapter’: The Bagrow-Almagià Correspondence, 1947–1955.” Imago Mundi 66 suppl.: 70–82.

Castner, Henry W. 2015. “Bagrow, Leo.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 121. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Heffernan, Michael, and Catherine Delano Smith. 2014. “A Life in Maps: Leo Bagrow, Imago Mundi, and the History of Cartography in the Early Twentieth Century.” Imago Mundi 66 suppl.: 44–69.

Pelletier, Monique. 2003. “Leo Bagrow à Paris.” In Accurata descriptio: Studier i kartografi, umismatik, orientalistik och biblioteksväsen tillägnade Ulla Ehrensvärd / Papers in Cartography, Numismatics, Oriental Studies and Librarianship Presented to Ulla Ehrensvärd, ed. Göran Bäärnhielm, Folke Sandgren, and Anders Burius, 379–85. Stockholm: Kungl. Biblioteket.

Skelton, R. A. 1959. “Leo Bagrow: Historian of Cartography and Founder of Imago Mundi, 1881–1957.” Imago Mundi 14: 7–12.

Wolodtschenko, Alexander. 2012. “Leo Bagrow: Einige Bemerkungen zum 125. Geburtstag.” In 13. Kartographiehistorisches Colloquium und 9. Dresdner Sommerschule für Kartographie, Dresden 2006: Vorträge, Berichte, Posterbeiträge, ed. Markus Heinz, and Wolf Günther Koch, 211–214. Bonn: Kirschbaum Verlag.

Wolodtschenko, Alexander. 2024. Drei Lebensabschnitte von Leo Bagrow (1881–1957). 3rd ed. Dresden: Selbstverlag der Technischen Universität Dresden. Accessible at https://atlas-semiotics.jimdofree.com/app/download/12330987997/BUCH-2023c.pdf

Baker, Alan Reginald Harold (b. 1938): British historical geographer (PhD University College London, 1963); taught at University College London (1963–66) and Cambridge (1966–2001).

Barbié du Bocage, Jean-Denis (1760–1825) early modern: French geographer and classicist; protégé of J. B. B. d’Anville, member of the Institut de France.

La Renaudière, Phillipe-François de. 1826. “Éloge de M. Barbié du Bocage.” Bulletin de la société de géographie de Paris 6: 251ff.

Barlow, Samuel Latham Mitchill (1826–89): US lawyer, bibliophile, and collector.

Bartels, Petrus Georg (1832–1907) comparative: Lutheran preacher and superintendent in Ostfriesland.

Batalha Reis, Jaime (1847–1934) comparative: Portuguese diplomat and fellow of the Royal Geographical Society.

Bateson, Gregory (1904–1980): British-born US anthropologist, husband of Margaret Mead (1936–1950).

Bateson, Mary (1865–1906): British medievalist, teaching at Newnham College, Cambridge (1888–1906)

Poole, Reginald L. 1907. “Mary Bateson.” English Historical Review 22, no. 85: 64–68.

Beaglehole, John Cawte (1901–1971) comparative: New Zealand historian of Pacific exploration and James Cook (PhD University College London 1929).

Beaglehole, Tim. 2006. A Life of J. C. Beaglehole: New Zealand Scholar. Wellington, N.Z.: Victoria University Press.

Davidson, J. W. 1972. “The New Zealand Scholar: A Note on J. C. Beaglehole, 1901–1971.” Journal of Pacific History 7: 151–54.

Wallis, Helen M. 1972. “Obituary: John Cawte Beaglehole.” Geographical Journal 138, no. 1: 124–26.

Beans, George Harry (1894–1978) comparative: US map collector; called his collection in Jenkintown, Penn., the Tall Tree Library.

Beazley, Sir Charles Raymond (1868–1951) comparative: prominent British historian, specializing before 1914 in the history of discoveries. HPC 50–51.

Crone, G. R. 1955. “Obituary: Sir Charles Raymond Beazley, D. Litt.” Geographical Journal 121, no. 4: 546–47

Rufino, Carolina T. [2010]. “Beazley, Charles Raymond, Blackheath, 1868–Birmingham, 1955.” Dicionário de historiadores Portugueses. http://dichp.bnportugal.pt.

Beck, Hanno (1923–2018): German historian of geography and science (PhD Marburg 1951), teaching in Bonn, retiring in 1988.

Mench, Karl. 2003. “Auf dem Wege zu einer Geschichte der Geographie. Zum 80. Geburtstag von Hanno Beck.” Die Erde 134, no. 1: 111–13.

Bedini, Silvio (1917–2007) internal: curator in the Smithsonian Institution’s Museum of Science and Technology (1961–87).

Miles, Ellen G. 2008. “Silvio Anthony Bedini.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 118, no. 2: 239–41.

Bellin, Jacques-Nicolas (1703–72) early modern (geographer): prominent French chart maker. Lexikon 1: 77–78.

Chapuis, Olivier. 2019. “Bellin, Jacques-Nicolas.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 154–56. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Benes, Peter: US historian of folklore, founding organizer of the still-running Dublin Seminar for New England Folklife in 1976.

Bennett, James Arthur (b. 1947–2023): British historian of science (PhD Cambridge 1974), inter aloa director of the Museum of Science and Technology, Oxford (1994–2012), and professor of the history of science (2010).

Berthaut, Henri-Marie-Auguste (1848–1937) internal: French military engineer and topographer, rising to the rank of general, retiring in 1911; member of the Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques (1903­–11).

Bertin, Jacques (1918–2010): French geographer and theorist of the design of data graphics.

Morita, Takashi. 2011. “Reflections on the Works of Jacques Bertin: From Sign Theory to Cartographic Discourse.” Cartographic Journal 48, no. 2: 86–91.

Palsky, Gilles. 2015. “Bertin, Jacques.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 121–23. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Palsky, Gilles. 2019. “Jacques Bertin, from Classical Training to Systematic Thinking of Graphic Signs.” Cartography and Geographic Information Science 46, no. 2: 189–93.

Bertius, Petrus [Bert, Pieter (Pierre) de] (1565–1629) early modern (historian): Dutch theologian, historian, and geographer; professor at Louvain until 1618, when he moved to Paris to become geographer to Louis XIII.

Björnbo, Axel Anton (1874-1911) comparative: Danish map librarian. PHC 59.

Black, Jeannette D. (1907–1983) comparative: map librarian at the John Carter Brown Library (1958–74).

Danforth, Susan L. 1984. “Jeannette D. Black (1907–1983).” Imago Mundi 36: 85.

Blair, John (d. 1782) early modern (geographer): British divine, chronologer, and mathematics tutor to George III’s younger brother, Edward Augustus (1739–67).

Blakemore, Michael John (b. 1953): British academic cartographer (BA Manchester 1970); taught at Bristol (1977–1982) and Durham (1982–2004).

Blanchard, Rufus (1821–1904) comparative: Chicago publisher, map maker, photographer, and historian.

Selmer, Marsha L. 1984. “Rufus Blanchard: Early Chicago Map Publisher.” In Chicago Mapmakers: Essays on the Rise of the City’s Map Trade, ed. Michael P. Conzen, 23–31. Chicago: Chicago Historical Society for the Chicago Map Society.

Blaut, James Morris (1927–2000): US geographer (PhD Louisiana State 1958), teaching inter alia at Yale (1956–61), Puerto Rico (1961–63, 1971–72), Clark (1967–71), and Illinois–Chicago (1972–2000).

Mathewson, Kent. 2008. “James Morris Blaut, 1927–2000.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 27: 107–30.

Mathewson, Kent, and David Stea. 2003. “In Memoriam: James M. Blaut (1927–2000).” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93, no. 1: 214–22.

Blewitt, Mary (1922–2000) internal: prominent British ocean-going yachtswoman and navigator; lawyer and editor, married in 1957 as Mary Pera.

Bloch, Marc Léopold Benjamin (1886–1944) reconstructive: prominent French historian (PhD Paris 1918), cofounder with Lucien Febvre of Annales d'histoire économique et sociale (1929), teaching at Strasbourg (1918–36), the Sorbonne (1936–39), and Montpellier (1940–42); executed for his work in the resistance.

Fink, Carole. 1989. Marc Bloch: A Life in History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Friedman, Susan W. 1996. Marc Bloch, Sociology and Geography: Encountering Changing Disciplines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bludau, Alois [Aloisius] (1861–1913) internal: German geographer.

Wagner, Hermann. 1914. “Alois Bludau.” Geographische Zeitschrift 20, no. 1: 1–5.

Bodel Nijenhuis, Johannes Tiberius (1797–1872) comparative: Dutch local historian and map collector, based in Leiden.

Edney, Matthew H. 2022. “Johannes Tiberius Bodel Nijenhuis, Localist Map History and Cartobibliography.” In Atlantes amicorum Peter van der Krogt, ed. Paula van Gestel-van het Schip, 313–23. Leiden: Brill, Hes & De Graaf.

Rieu, W. N. du. 1873. “Levensschets van Mr. J. T. Bodel Nijenhuis.” In Levensberichten der afgestorvene medeleden van de Maatschappij der Nederlandsce Letterkunde te Leiden, 247–88. Leiden: Brill.

Storms, Martijn. 2008. De Verzamelingen van Bodel Nijenhuis: Kaarten, portretten en boeken van een pionier in de historische cartografie. Leiden: Universiteitsbibliothek.

Bonacker, Wilhelm (1888–1969) comparative: German map maker, working for Kümmerly & Frey, Bern (1914–35) and the Generalinspektor für das deutsche Straßenwesen, Berlin (1935–45).

Crone, G. R. 1971. “Obituary: Wilhelm Bonacker.” Geographical Journal 137, no. 2: 272–73.

Meine, Karl Heinz. 1968. “Wilhelm Bonacker: Ein Leben der Kartographie.” In Kartengeschichte und Kartenbearbeitung: Festschrift zum 80. Geburtstag von Wilhelm Bonacker, Geograph und Wissenschaftlicher Kartograph in Berlin, am 17. März 1968. Dargebracht von Fachkollegen und Freunden beider Wissenschaften, ed. Karl Heinz Meine, 10–33. Bad Godesberg: Kirschbaum.

Meine, Karl Heinz. 1970. “Wilhelm Bonacker: 17-3-1888/16-5-1969.” Imago Mundi 24: 139–44.

Bongars, Jacques (1554–1612) early modern (antiquary): French scholar and diplomat for Henri IV.

Boulding, Kenneth Ewart (1910–93): prominent British-born economist and founder of general systems theory, taught inter alia at Edinburgh, Colgate, Michigan, and Colorado (1934–80).

Breusing, Friedrich August Arthur (1818–92) internal: German polymath, PhD in navigational science (Georg-August-Universität 1861), director of the Bremen navigation school (Steuermannsschule) from 1858. HPC 42.

Brown, Alexander (1843–1906) comparative: US merchant and historian from Virginia.

Brown, Lloyd Arnold (1907–66) comparative: US librarian; map curator at the William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan (1935–41), director of the Peabody Institute, Baltimore (1942–56), director of the Chicago Historical Society (1956–58), research director at Historic Annapolis (1960–63).

Ristow, Walter W., ed. 1980. The Emergence of Maps in Libraries. Hamden, CT: Linnet Books. pp. 318–19.

Buczek, Karol (1902–83) reconstructive: Polish historian (PhD Krakow 1927), librarian, and archivist; member of the Polish Peasant Party, jailed 1947–54, rehabilitated 1956, Polish Academy of Sciences (1957–74).

Alexandrowicz, Stanisław. 1985. “Karol Buczek (1902–1983).” Imago Mundi 37: 83–86.

Buczek, Karol. 1982. The History of Polish Cartography from the 15th to the 18th Century. Trans. Andrzej Potocki. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Meridian. pp. viii–xvi for full bibliography.

Schnayder, Edward. 1974. “Karol Buczek: historyk kartografli oraz kartograf i geograf historyczny.” Studia Historyczne 17: 355–82.

Buisseret, David (b. 1934) reconstructive: British-born historian of early modern France (PhD Cambridge 1961), teaching at the University of the West Indies (1964–80) and UT-Arlington (1995–2006); director of the Smith Center, Newberry Library (1980–95).

Buisseret, David. 2021. The Going Was Good: Memoir of a Transatlantic Life. Canton, MA: Author Reputation Press.

Bunbury, Sir Edward Herbert, Bart. (1811–95): British lawyer and politician, and historian of classical geographical knowledge.

Bunge, William “Bill” Wheeler, Jr. (1928–2013): US geographer (PhD Washington 1960), teaching at Iowa State (1960–1961), Wayne State (1962–1969), Western Ontario (1970–1971), and York (1972–1973).

Barnes, Trevor, and Nik Heynen. 2011. “Commentary I: William W. Bunge (1971) Fitzgerald: Geography of a Revolution.” Progress in Human Geography 35: 712–20.

Barnes, Trevor J., Andrew Merrifield, and Alison Mountz. 2011. “William W. Bunge (1971), Fitzgerald: Geography of a Revolution. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co.” Progress in Human Geography 35, no. 5: 1–9.

Bergmann, Luke, and Richard Morrill. 2018. “William Wheeler Bunge: Radical Geographer (1928–2013).” Annals of the American Association of Geographers 108, no. 1: 291–300.

Bus, Charles Roland du (1885–1940) comparative: French map librarian, in the Bibliothèque nationale (from 1909).

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. pp. 93–94.

Büsching, Anton Friedrich (1724–93): Lutheran minister and geographer, teaching at Göttingen, St. Petersburg, and Berlin. Lexikon 1: 126–27.

Bond, Dean W. 2016. “A. F. Büsching and the Place of Geographical Knowledge in the German Enlightenment, c.1740–1800.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of Toronto.

Büttner, Manfred, and Reinhard Jäkel. 1982. “Anton Friedrich Büsching 1724–1793.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 6: 7–16.

Neumann, Joachim. 2019. “Büsching, Anton Friedrich.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 231. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Cajori, Florian (1859–1930): Swiss-born historian of mathematics; studied for PhD in mathematics at Johns Hopkins University. Taught at Colorado College, Colorado Springs (1889–1918), then professor in the history of mathematics at the University of California (1918–29).

Archibald, Raymond Clare. 1932. “Florian Cajori, 1859–1930.” Isis 17, no. 2: 384–407.

Campbell, Eila Muriel Joice (1915–94) comparative: British geographer (MA London 1947), student of E. G. R. Taylor, teaching at Birkbeck College, University of London (1945–81, professor and chair 1970), editor of Imago Mundi (1972–94).

Dürst, Arthur. 1995. “Eila Campbell 1915–1994.” Cartographica Helvetica 11: [i].

Mead, William R., Harry Margary, Monique Pelletier, et al. 1995. “Eila Muriel Joice Campbell (1915–1994).” Imago Mundi 47: 6–12.

Prince, Hugh C. 1995. “Eila M.J. Campbell, 1915–1994.” Journal of Historical Geography 21, no. 2: 202–4.

Tyacke, Sarah, ed. 1994. A Celebration of the Life and Work of Eila M. J. Campbell, 1915–1994. London: privately issued.

Wallis, Helen M. 1994. “Eila Muriel Joice Campbell, 1915–1994” Geographical Journal 160: 361.

Caraci, Giuseppe (1893–1971) comparative: Italian geographer, teaching in Milan (1928–30), Messina (1932–36), Pisa (1936–46), and Rome (1946–64).

Kish, George. 1971. “Giuseppe Caraci (1893–1971).” Imago Mundi 26: 75.

Castner, Henry W. (1932–2021) internal: Canadian academic cartographer (PhD Wisconsin 1964), taught at Queen’s University, Kingston (1964–1989).

Cebrian, Konstantin (1872–1914) internal: German infantry captain and instructor in field craft and map making, Kriegschule Danzig.

Bonacker, Wilhelm. 1952. “Eine unvollendet gebliebene Geschichte der Kartographie von Konstantin Cebrian (Gedanken zum Werdegang der Landkarten).” Die Erde 3, no. 82: 44–57.

Fischer, Josef. 1922. “Zur Erinnerung an den fürs Vaterland gefallenen Verfasser.” In Konstantin Cebrian, Altertum: Von den ersten Versuchen der Länderabbildungen bis auf Marinos und Ptolemaios (zur Alexandrinischen Schule), 109–12. Vol. 1 of Geschichte der Kartographie: Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung des Kartenbildes und Kartenwesens. Geographische Bausteine, 10. Gotha: Justes Perthes.

Chamberlin, Wellman (1908–1976): US map maker, working for National Geographic Society (1935–71, chief cartographer 1964).

Cobb, David A. (b. 1945) comparative: US map librarian at University of Illinois (1973–1992) and Harvard University (1992–2008).

Youngblood, Dawn. 2009. “A Case Study in Proactive Development: David Cobb, Harvard University’s Curator of Maps.” Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 5: 187–97.

Codazzi, Angela (1890–1972) comparative: Italian historical geographer; volunteer instructor (1930–49) and docent (1949–69) in the Istituto di Geografia, Milan.

Ferro, Gaetano. 1972. “Personalia: Angela Codazzi.” Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana 10, no. 1: f. 10–12, pp. 729–730.

Sestini, Aldo. 1972. “Necrologi: Angela Codazzi.” Rivista Geografica Italiana 79: 223–24.

Collingridge, George (1847–1931) comparative: British-born and French-educated artist and scholar, emigrated to Australia in 1879.

Mitchell, Adrian. 2012. Plein Airs and Graces: The Life and Times of George Collingridge. Kent Town, S. Australia: Wakefield Press.

Comstock, Cyrus Ballou (1831–1910): internal: US corps of engineers (1855–95); superintending engineer on the US Lake Survey (1870–74).

Conzen, Michael P. (b. 1944) reconstructive: British-born historical geographer (PhD Wisconsin 1972), teaching at Boston University (1971–76) and Chicago (from 1976).

Cook [Pearson], Karen née Severud (b. 1943) internal/sociocultural: US geographer (PhD Wisconsin 1978), working as map librarian in the UK (British Library) and US (University of Kansas). Published as Karen Severud Pearson (first marriage and after), then Karen Severud Cook (second marriage and after).

Cook, Terry (1947–2014): Canadian historian (PhD Queen’s 1977) and archivist, working for National Archives Canada.

Coote, Charles Henry (1839–1899) globalist: librarian for 41 years in the British Museum, including in the map department. Not to be confused with the lawyer and antiquary Henry Charles Coote (1815–85) or the two Charles Henry Coote, 9th and 10th baronets (1792–1864; 1815–1895).

Cortambert, Pierre François Eugène (1805–81). Traditional. Jomard’s successor as head of the geography department of the Bibliothèque national de France.

Broc, Numa. 1978. “Eugène Cortambert 1805–1881.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 2: 21–26.

Cortesão, Armando Zuzarte (1891–1977) comparative: Portuguese agronomist and colonial administrator, self-exiled in UK and France (1933–52).

Andrade, Rui S. [2010]. “Cortesão, Armando de F. Zuzarte, Coimbra, 1891–Lisboa, 1977.” Dicionário de historiadores Portugueses. http://dichp.bnportugal.pt.

García, João Carlos. 2015. “Cortesão, Armando.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 285–86. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. 1978. “Armando Cortesão (1891–1977).” Imago Mundi 30: 92–95.

Cortesão, Jaime Zuzarte (1884–1960) comparative: Portuguese author and librarian, exiled in Brazil (1940–57); brother of Armando. PHC 67.

Adonias, Isa. 1984. Jaime Cortesão e seus mapas: Instrumentos didáticos para a história da cartografía do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro.

Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. [2010]. “Cortesão, Jaime Zuzarte, Ançã, 1884–Lisboa, 1960.” Dicionário de historiadores Portugueses. http://dichp.bnportugal.pt.

Oliveira, Francisco Roque de. 2022. “Jaime Cortesão.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 40.

Cosgrove, Denis Edmond (1948–2008) sociocultural: British historical geographer (PhD Oxford 1973); taught at Oxford Polytechnic (1973–80), Loughborough (1980–94), London (Royal Holloway, 1994–99), and UCLA (1999–2008).

Delano Smith, Catherine, David Pepper, James Duncan et al. 2009. “Reflections on the career of Denis Cosgrove 1948–2008.” Cultural Geographies 16, no. 1: 5–28.

Della Dora, Veronica. 2009. “Denis Cosgrove (1948–2008).” Imago Mundi 61, no. 1: 97–100.

Heffernan, Michael. 2010. “Denis Edmund Cosgrove 1948–2008.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 29: 127–50.

Lilley, Keith. 2011. “Denis Cosgrove.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 120–26. London: SAGE.

Crampton, Jeremy William (b. 1962): British-born geographer (PhD Pennsylvania State 1994), teaching at Portsmouth (UK), George Mason, Georgia State, Kentucky, and Newcastle (UK).

Crawford, Morris De Camp (1882–1949): fashion historian; “research editor” for Women’s Wear.

Crone, Gerald Roe (1899–1982) comparative: British librarian, esp. at the Royal Geographical Society (1923–66), becoming both librarian and map curator in 1945. {Anonymous, 1983, #89251; Wallis and Campbell, 1985, #86765}.

Cumming, William Patterson (1900–1989) comparative: US professor of English, teaching at Davidson College, N.C. (1927–68).

Cumming, Robert, ed. 1998. William P. Cumming and the Study of Cartography: Two Brief Memoirs and a Bibliography. North Carolinana Society Imprints, 28. Chapel Hill: North Caroliniana Society, Inc., and the North Carolina Collection.

Wallis, Helen M., and John D. Ramsey. 1990. “William Patterson Cumming (1900–1989).” Imago Mundi 42: 114–16.

Curnow, Irene Jean: Internal. British geographer (PhD London 1925) and instructor in cartography in 1925–30. See https://www.mappingasprocess.net/blog/2021/1/31/irene-jean-curnow-active-192130.

Dahlgren, Erik Wilhelm (1848–1934) comparative: Swedish librarian, head of the Royal Library in Stockholm. PHC 48.

Arne, T. J. 1937. “Erik Wilhelm Dahlgren.” Imago Mundi 2: 89–90.

Dalrymple, Alexander (1737–1808) early modern (geographer): Scottish mariner, independent chart maker (from 1767), hydrographer to the East India Company (from 1779) and to the Admiralty (from 1795).

Cook, Andrew S. 2019. “Dalrymple, Alexander.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 327–29. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Daly, Charles Patrick (1816–99) comparative: New York lawyer, politician, and judge; president of the American Geographical Society (1864–99).

Morin, Karen M. 2008. “Charles P. Daly’s Gendered Geography, 1860–1890.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 98, no. 4: 897–919.

Morin, Karen M. 2009. “Charles Patrick Daly 1816–1899.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 28: 105–18.

Morin, Karen M. 2011. Civic Discipline: Geography in America, 1860–1890. Farnham, Sy.: Ashgate.

Darby, Henry Clifford (1909–92) reconstructive: prominent British historical geographer (PhD Cambridge 1931), wartime service in Intelligence (1941–45), teaching first in Cambridge, then in Liverpool (1945–49), University College London (head, 1949–66), returning to Cambridge (head, 1966­–76)

Baker, Alan R. H. 1992. “Henry Clifford Darby, 1909–1992.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers new ser. 17, no. 4: 495–501.

Clout, Hugh. 2007. “Henry Clifford Darby 1909–1992.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 26: 79–97.

Darby, H. C. 1989. “The Published Writings of Sir Clifford Darby, C.B.E., F.B.A.” Journal of Historical Geography 15: 5–13.

Darby, H. C. 2002. The Relations of History and Geography: Studies in England, France and the United States, 186–202. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. •• with many commentators

Prince, H. C. 1992. “H. C. Darby, 1909–1992.” Journal of Historical Geography 18, no. 4: 456–60.

Williams, Michael. 1995. “H. C. Darby, 1909–1992.” Proceedings of the British Academy 87: 289–306.

De Costa, Benjamin Franklin (1831–1904) comparative: episcopal priest, converted to Roman Catholicism in 1899; editor of religious journals and the Magazine of American History.

Deetz, Charles Henry (1864–1946) internal: US surveyor and cartography with the US Coast and Geodetic Survey (1889–1936, 1942–1945).

Defoe, Daniel (ca. 1660–1731) early modern (geographer): English journalist and writer, who wrote extensive geographical texts.

Cook, Karen Severud. 2019. “Defoe, Daniel.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 336–38. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Novak, Maximillian E. 2001. Daniel Defoe: Master of Fictions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Delano Smith, Catherine; sociocultural: Formerly reader in historical geography at the University of Nottingham; editor of Imago Mundi (1995–2022).

Destombes, Marcel Paul Xavier (1905–1983) comparative: French merchant mariner (1924–42) whose interest in the history of maps and instruments led him to represent France to UNESCO (1947–64).

Hervé, Roger, and Günter Schilder. 1984. “Marcel Destombes (1905–1983).” Imago Mundi 36: 81–85.

Destombes, Marcel. 1987. Marcel Destombes, 1905–1983: Contributions sélectionnées à l’histoire de la cartographie et des instruments scientifiques. Ed. Günter Schilder, Peter van der Krogt, and Steven de Clercq. Utrecht; Paris: HES; A. G. Nizet. pp. x–xvii (biography), xviii–xxiv (bibliography).

Doppelmayr, Johann Gabriel (1677–1750) early modern (antiquary): Nuremberg astronomer and mathematician who worked closely with J. B. Homann and the Homman’sche Erben. Lexikon 1: 177–78.

Dörflinger, Johannes (b. 1941) comparative: Austrian historian and geographer (PhD Vienna 1969), teaching in the University of Vienna’s Institut für Geschichte.

Dornbach, John Ellis (1922–2009): US cartographer (PhD Clark 1967), working for USAF (1952–61), then NASA’s Mapping Sciences Branch (lunar mapping, satellite imagery, until at least 1979).

Dröber [Dröber-Weyrauther], Wolfgang (1871–1917) comparative: German geographer and ethnographer.

Eckert [von Eckert-Greifendorff], Friedrich Eduard Max (1868–1938) internal: German geographer (PhD Leipzig 1895), teaching economic geography and cartography at Kiel (1903–7) and Aachen (1907–35); acquired the Doppelname in 1934. Lexikon 1: 185–86.

Kretschmer, Ingrid. 2015. “Eckert, Max.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 338–40. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ogrissek, Rudi. 1985. “Studium, Promotion und Lehrtätigkeit Max Eckerts an der Universität Leipzig im 19. Jahrhundert.” Internationales Jahrbuch für Kartographie 25: 139–58.

Pápay, Gyula. 2017. “Max Eckert und sein Hauptwerk Die Kartenwissenschaft.” Kartographische Nachrichten 67, no. 3: 129–37. Reprinted in part as “Max Eckert and the Foundations of Modern Cartographic Praxis,” trans. Sabine Afflerbach-Thom and Anja Hopfstock, in The Routledge Handbook of Mapping and Cartography, ed. Alexander J. Kent and Peter Vujakovic (London: Routledge, 2017), 9–28.

Scharfe, Wolfgang. 1986. “Max Eckert’s Kartenwissenschaft: The Turning Point in German Cartography.” Imago Mundi 38: 61–66.

Edgerton, Samuel Youngs, Jr. (1926–2021): US art historian (PhD Pennsylvania 1965), teaching at Boston University (1964–1980) and Williams College (1980–1993).

Edney, Matthew Henry (b. 1962) sociocultural/processual: UK-born geographer (PhD Wisconsin 1990), teaching at SUNY-Binghamton (1990–95) and Southern Maine (from 1995); director of the History of Cartography Project at Wisconsin (from 2005).

Lois, Carla. 2017. “Matthew Edney: El reencuentro entre la historia de la cartografía y la geografía / Matthew Edney: The Reencounter between the History of Cartography and Geography.” Terra Brasilis: Revista da Rede Brasileira de História da Geografía e Geografía Histórica new ser. 9: journals.openedition.org/terrabrasilis/2247.

Eekhoff, Wopke (1809–80) comparative: Dutch archivist and book publisher.

Hoekema, C. P., Peter Karstkarel, and Ph. H. Breuker. 1980. Eekhoff en zijn werk. Leven en werken van Wopke Eekhoff (1809–1880) stadsarchivaris van en boekhandelaar te Leeuwarden. Leeuwarden: Friese Pers.

Koeman, Cornelis. 1961. Collections of Maps and Atlases in the Netherlands: Their History and Present State. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 238–39

Elter, Anton Friedrich (1858–1925) comparative: German Classicist (PhD Bonn 1880); taught at Czernowitz (1887–90) and Bonn (1890–1925).

Errera, Carlo (1867–1936) comparative: Italian geographer, teaching in Turin (1903–6), Pisa (1906–12), and Bologna (1912–36). PHC 56.

Anonymous. 1939. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 3: 102–4. p. 103

Estancelin, Louis (1769–1859): French politician and historian of discovery. PHC 29.

Eyriès, Jean-Baptiste-Benoît (1767–1846) comparative: French geographer, editor, translator; founding member of the Société de géographie.

Fischer, Josef, SJ (1858–1944) comparative: ordained in 1881, taught history and geography at Stella Matutina, a prominent Jesuit school in Feldkirch, Austria (1895–1929). PHC 50; Lexikon 1:226–27.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 94.

Fischer, Josef. 1935. “Autobiographische Darstellung des Lebensganges und des wissenschaftlichen Lebenswerkes.” Imago Mundi 1: 58–61.

Seaver, Kirsten A. 2004. Maps, Myths, and Men: The Story of the Vinland Map. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Fite, Emerson David (1874–1953) comparative: US political scientist (PhD Harvard 1905), teaching at Vassar (1913–44).

Post, C. Gordon. 1953. “In Memoriam [Emerson D. Fite].” American Political Science Review 47, no. 3: 946.

Fockema Andreae, Sijbrandus Johannes (1904–1968) reconstructive: Dutch archivist, civil servant, and legal historian (PhD Leiden 1934) with a special connection to the Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland (1928–1934, 1948–1959).

Heslinga, M. W. 1969. “In Memoriam, Mr. S. J. Fockema Andreae.” Geografisch Tijdschrift 3, no. 3: 203.

Hoff, B. van ’t. 1971. “S. J. Fockema Andreae.” Imago Mundi 25: 83–84.

Linden, H. van der. 1983. “S. J. Fockema Andreae.” Holland: Regionaal-historisch tijdschrift 15: 174–84.

Westenberg, J. 1968. Bibliografie met werken van S. J. Fockema Andreae. ’s-Gravenhage: Algemeen Rijksarchief.

Foncin, Myriem (1893–1976) reconstructive: French map librarian, working in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (map curator within the dept. of prints, 1920–1939; head of maps, 1939–42; first head of the new départment des cartes et plans, 1942–63).

Clout, Hugh. 2021. “Two Geographers, Father and Daughter: Pierre Foncin (1841–1916) and Myriem Foncin (1893–1976).” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 39: 207–35.

La Roncière, Monique de. 1978. “Myriem Foncin (1893–1976).” Annales de géographie 87, no. 481: 320–25.

Fordham, Sir Herbert George (1854–1929) comparative: British lawyer, local politician, map collector. PHC 49.

Freeman, M. J., and J. Longbotham. 1981. The Fordham Collection: A Catalogue. Historical Geography Research Series, 5. Norwich: Geo Abstracts for Historical Geography Research Group.

Henshall, J. M. 1969. “Sir H. George Fordham, Carto-Bibliographer.” Map Collector’s Circle 51.

Formaleoni, Vincenzio Antonio (1752–1797) early modern (antiquary): Venetian topographer.

Pezzana, Angelo. 1846. Di Vincenzio Ant. Formaleoni. 2nd ed. Parma: Stamp. di Donati.

Freeman, Archibald (1866–1948) comparative: US historian, teaching at Phillips Academy, Andover, MA.

Freitag, Ulrich (b. 1931) internal: German academic cartographer (PhD Gießen 1966), teaching at Gießen (1968–1973) and the Frei Universität Berlin (1977–99).

Gallois, Lucien Louis Joseph (1857–1941) reconstructive: French geographer (PhD Paris 1890). HPC 49; Lexikon 1:245.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 94.

Clout, Hugh. 2005. “Lucien Gallois 1857–1941.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 24: 28–41.

Ganong, William Francis (1864–1941) comparative: Canadian-born botanist (PhD Munich 1894), teaching at Smith College, MA. HPC 54.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. pp. 94–95.

Marquis, Greg. 2008. “The Story of a Map: W. F. Ganong and Tribal Boundaries in New Brunswick.” In Papers of the 39th Algonquian Conference, ed. Karl S. Hele, and Regna Darnell, 479–517. London, ON: University of Western Ontario, 2008.

Rees, Ronald. 2016. New Brunswick Was His Country: The Life of William Francis Ganong. Halifax, N.S.: Nimbus Books.

Webster, J. C., ed. 1942. William Francis Ganong Memorial. Saint John, N.B.: New Brunswick Museum.

Wynn, Graeme. 1981. “W. F. Ganong, A. H. Clark and the Historical Geography of Maritime Canada.” Acadiensis 10, no. 2: 5–28.

Garrison, Hazel Shields (fl. 1933–41) comparative: volunteer archivist in Pennsylvania.

Johnston, Louis W. H. 1935. “The Government-Supported Historical Survey of Pennsylvania in the Western Counties.” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 18, no. 3: 209–22. pp. 209, 220.

Gatterer, Johann Christoph (1727–1799): German historian, chronologer, and geographer; taught at Göttingen University.

Gierl, Martin. 2012. Geschichte als präzisierte Wissenschaft: Johann Christoph Gatterer und die Historiographie des 18. Jahrhunderts im ganzen Umfang. Stuttgart: Frommann-Holzboog.

Gierl, Martin. 2016. “Johann Christoph Gatterer and History as Science.” In Life Forms in the Thinking of the Long Eighteenth Century, ed. Keith Michael Baker, and Jenna M. Gibbs, 19–44. Toronto: University of Toronto Press for the UCLA Center for Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Studies and the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library.

Gelcich, Eugen (1854–1915) internal: Austrian geographer, naval officer, and later instructor in, and director of, various naval academies, including the imperial naval academy in Lussinpicollo (modern Mali Lošinj, Crotia).

Ghillany, Friedrich Wilhelm (1807–76): theologian and Nuremburg city librarian (1841–55).

Goblet, Yves-Marie (1881–1955) reconstructive: French economic geographer; professor at the École supérieur de commerce and the École des hautes études sociales.

Parker, Geoffrey. 1991. “Y.-M. Goblet 1881–1955.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 13: 39–44.

Parker, Geoffrey. 1994. “Goblet, Yves-Marie (1881–1955): Professeur de géographie des transports (1932–1944).” In Les professeurs du Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers: Dictionnaire biographique, 1794–1955, 1: 570–575. Paris: Institut national de recherche pédagogique.

Goetzmann, William “Bill” Harry (1930–2010): Pulitzer-prize winning US historian of US westward expansion (PhD Yale 1957), teaching at Yale (1955–64) and then Texas.

Sloan, Kay. 2012. “William H. Goetzman: 20 July 1930–7 September 2010.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 156, no. 2: 229–35.

Gombrich, Ernst Hans Josef (1909–2001): Austrian-born art historian (PhD Vienna 1933), moving to the UK in 1936, teaching at the Warburg Institute (1945–76, director after 1959).

Goode, John Paul (1862–1932) internal: US geographer (PhD Pennsylvania 1903), teaching at Chicago (1903–28); also chief cartographic advisor to Rand McNally Co., author of Goode’s World Atlas (1st ed., 1923).

Haas, William H., and Harold B. Ward. 1933. “J. Paul Goode.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 23, no. 4: 241–46.

Gossellin, Pascal-François-Joseph (1751–1830) early modern (historian): French bureaucrat and classicist.

Dacier, Bon-Joseph. 1831. “Notice historique sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. Gosselin.” Histoire de l’Academie royale des inscriptions et belles-lettres 9: 200–21.

Godlewska, Anne. 1999. Geography Unbound: French Geographic Science from Cassini to Humboldt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 271–73.

Gottschling, Caspar (1679–1739) early modern (geographer): Lutheran priest and teacher in Brandenburg.

Gough, Richard (1735–1809) early modern (antiquary): prominent British antiquary and local historian.

Sweet, Rosemary. 2009. “Richard Gough: The Man and the Antiquary.” Bodleian Library Record 22: 120–41.

Whittemore, Philip. 2009. A Very British Antiquary: Richard Gough, 1735–1809. London: Wynchmore Books.

Gray, Howard Levi (1875–1946): US historian, taught at Bryn Mawr (1915–40).

Green, John [Mead, Bradock] (before 1688–1757) early modern (geographer): born Mead in Dublin, worked in London as geographer-for-hire, as “Rogers,” before his arrest for his role in a kidnapping; took the name “John Green” in 1735 when released from jail. Lexikon 1: 274–75.

Crone, G. R. 1949. “John Green: Notes on a Neglected Eighteenth Century Geographer and Cartographer.” Imago Mundi 6: 85–91.

Crone, G. R. 1951. “A Note on Bradock Mead, Alias John Green.” Library 5th ser. 6, no. 1: 42–43.

Crone, G. R. 1951. “Further Notes on Bradock Mead, alias John Green, an Eighteenth Century Cartographer.” Imago Mundi 8: 69–70.

Crone, G. R. 1953. “The Retiring Mr. Green.” Geographical Magazine 25, no. 11: 539–41.

Edney, Matthew H. 2019. “Green, John.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 586–88. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Green, Samuel Abbott (1830–1919) comparative: New England physician, politician (mayor of Boston, 1882), historian, and bibliophile; librarian of the Massachusetts Historical Society (1868–1919).

Greenough, Charles Pelham. 1921. “Memoir of Samuel Abbott Green.” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 54: 236–42.

Gregorii, Johann Gottfried, aka Melissantes (1685–1770): German preacher, historian, and geographer.

Berndt, Carsten. 2017. “Über 300 Jahre Kartenkunde: Johann Gottfried Gregorii alias Melissantes (1685–1770) und sein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kartographie.” In 17. Kartographiehistorisches Colloquium Eichstätt 2014: Vorträge, Berichte, Posterbeiträge, ed. Markus Heinz, 51–70. Bonn: Kirschbaum Verlag.

Groll, Max (1876–1916) internal: German map maker, working for commercial firms and then the Institut für Meereskunde; in 1907 he apparently became the first dedicated lecturer in cartography, at the University of Berlin.

Freitag, Ulrich. 1994. Die Beiträge von Max Groll, Walter Behrmann und Georg Jensch zur wissenschaftlichen Kartographie. Berlin: Freie Universität, Fachrichtung Kartographie.

Hakluyt, Richard (1552–1616) early modern (geographer): English editor of travel narratives and early proponent of overseas endeavors.

Hamy, Jules-Théodore-Ernest [Ernest Théodore] (1842–1908) comparative: French geographer and historian, professor in the Muséum d’histoire naturelle. HPC 45–46.

Reinach, Théodore. 1910. Notice sur la vie et les travaux de M. Ernest Hamy. Paris: Firmin-Didot et cie.

Harley, John Brian (1932–91) reconstructive/sociocultural: British historical geographer (PhD Warwick 1960), teaching at Liverpool, Exeter, and Wisconsin–Milwaukee; co-founder of The History of Cartography with David Woodward.

Anonymous. 2006. A Celebration of the Life and Work of J. B. Harley, 1932–1991: Contributions from his Friends at a Meeting Held on 17th March 1992 at the Royal Geographical Society, London. 2nd ed. n.p.: n.p.

Campbell, Eila M. J. 1992. “J. Brian Harley, 1932–1991.” Geographical Journal 158: 252–53.

Collins-Kreiner, Noga. 2009. “Harley, J. B.” In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, ed. Rob Kitchin, and Nigel Thrift, 5: 19–20. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Crampton, Jeremy W. 1992. “Theory into Practice: A Tribute to Brian Harley.” Cartographic Perspectives 12: 3–4.

Edney, Matthew H. 1992. “J. B. Harley (1932–1991): Questioning Maps, Questioning Cartography, Questioning Cartographers.” Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 19, no. 3: 175–78.

Edney, Matthew H. 2001. “Works by J. B. Harley.” In J. B. Harley, The New Nature of Maps: Essays in the History of Cartography, 281–96. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Edney, Matthew H. 2005. “The Origins and Development of J. B. Harley’s Cartographic Theories.” Cartographica 40, nos. 1–2: Monograph 54.

Edney, Matthew H. 2015. “Harley, J(ohn) Brian.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 577–79. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gould, Peter, and Antoine Bailly. 1995. “Brian Harley et l’élargissement de l’histoire de la cartographie.” In Le pouvoir des cartes: Brian Harley et la cartographie, ed. Peter Gould, and Antoine Bailly. Paris: Anthropos.

Lawton, Richard. 1992. “J. B. Harley, 1932–1991.” Journal of Historical Geography 18: 210–12.

Lilley, Keith. 2011. “J. B. Harley.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 227–33. London: SAGE.

Oliver, Richard. 1992. “Brian Harley, 1932–1991: Historian of the Ordnance Survey—and much else.” Sheetlines: Newsletter of the Charles Close Society 33: 1–8.

Ormeling, Ferjan. 1992. “Brian Harley’s Influence on Modern Cartography.” Cartographica 29, no. 2: 62–65. Originally published as “De invloed van Harley op de moderne kartografie,” Caert-Thresoor 11, no. 1 (1992): 2–6.

Ravenhill, W. L. D. 1991. “Professor John Brian Harley, 1932–1991.” Bulletin of the Society of Cartographers 25, no. 2: 39–40.

Ravenhill, W. L. D. 1992. “John Brian Harley, 1932–1991.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers new ser. 17: 363–69.

Taylor, D. R. F. 1992. “In Memoriam: John Brian Harley, 1932–1991.” ICA Newsletter 19: 13–14.

Taylor, D. R. F., and Edward H. Dahl. 1991. “John Brian Harley, 1932–1991.” Cartographica 28, no. 4: 92–93.

Woodward, David. 1992. “J. B. Harley (1932–1991).” Imago Mundi 44: 120–25.

Woodward, David. 1992. “Professor John Brian Harley, 1932–1991.” Bulletin of the Special Libraries Association, Geography and Map Division 167: 50–52.

Harrison, Richard “Ricki” Edes (1901–94): US architect, designer, and map maker.

Downs, Roger M. 2015. “Harrison, Richard Edes.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 579–82. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Zelinsky, Wilbur. 1995. “Richard Edes Harrison, 1901–1994.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 85, no. 1: 187–91.

Harrisse, Henry [Henri] (1829–1910) comparative: French-born American scholar and lawyer, working in Paris after 1869. HPC 43; Lexikon 1:286–87.

Adams, Randolph G. 1939. Three Americanists: Henry Harrisse, Bibliographer; George Brinley, Book Collector; Thomas Jefferson, Librarian. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

Bassett, John Spencer. 1921. “Later Historians.” In Later National Literature, Part II, ed. William P. Trent, John Erskine, Stuart P. Sherman et al., 171–200. Vol. 17 of Cambridge History of American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 184–5

Borome, Joseph A. 1952. “An Interview between Justin Winsor and Henry Harrisse.” Hispanic American Historical Review 32, no. 3: 376–79.

Cordier, Henri. 1910. Henry Harrisse, 1830–1910. Chartres: Durand.

Growoll, A. 1899. Henry Harrisse: Biographical and Bibliographical Sketch. New York: Dibdin Club.

Olschki, Cesare. 1926. “Henry Harrisse-Ildebrando Rossi.” La Bibliofilía 28, nos. 7–8: 258–67.

Sanz, Carlos. 1958. Henry Harrisse (1829–1910): ‘Principe de los Americanistas.’ Su vida, su obra. Madrid.

Stephenson, Richard W. 1984. “The Henry Harrisse Collection of Publications, Papers, and Maps Pertaining to the Early Exploration of America.” Terrae Incognitae 16: 37–55.

Vignaud, Henry. 1911. “Henry Harrisse.” Journal de la Société des américanistes new ser. 8, nos. 1–2: 286–88.

Vignaud, Henry. 1912. Catalogue de livres, cartes et documents manuscrits provenant de la bibliothèque de feu Henry Harrisse. Paris: Ch. Chadenant.

Vignaud, Henry. 1912. Henry Harrisse: Étude biographique et morale, avec la bibliographie critique de ses écrits. Paris: Ch. Chadenat.

Harvey, David (b. 1935): Prominent British economic geographer (PhD Cambridge 1960), teaching at Oxford and Johns Hopkins

Castree, Noel. 2011. “David Harvey.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 127–41. London: SAGE.

Paterson, John L. 1984. David Harvey’s Geography. London: Croom Helm.

Harvey, Paul Dean Adshead (b. 1930) reconstructive/sociocultural: British medievalist (DPhil Oxford 1960), archivist (Warwickshire County Record Office, 1954–1956; British Museum manuscripts department, 1957–1966), teaching at Southampton (1966–1978) and Durham (1978–1985).

Hauber, Eberhard David (1695–1765): Swabian theologian and pedagogue. Lexikon 1: 288.

Oehme, Ruthardt. 1976. Eberhard David Hauber (1695–1765): Ein schwäbisches Gelehrtenleben. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer.

Heawood, Edward (1863–1949) comparative: librarian of Royal Geographical Society (1901–33), treasurer and vice-president of the Hakluyt Society (1908–46, 1946–49). HPC 54.

Crone, G. R. 1949. “Edward Heawood.” Geographical Journal 113: 143–44.

Helgerson, Richard (1940–2008) sociocultural: US professor of English (PhD Johns Hopkins 1970), teaching at UC-Santa Barbara (1970–2008).

Hennequin, Néoclès Charles Auguste Émile (1838–1902) internal: Belgian military engineer, director (after 1882) of the military cartographic institute, Brussels.

Anonymous. 1902. “Le général Hennequin.” Bulletin de la société royale belge de géographie 26, no.2: 81–84.

Hennicke, Johann Friedrich (1764–1848) comparative: German newspaper editor.

Henrikson, Alan Keith, sociocultural: US diplomatic historian (PhD Harvard 1970), teaching at Tufts University (1972–2016).

Hinks, Arthur Robert (1873–1945): British astronomer (determined the astronomical unit), later lecturer in geography and surveying at Cambridge (1908–15); secretary and editor of the Royal Geographical Society (1915–45).

Jones, H. S., and H. J. Fleure. 1948. “Arthur Robert Hinks. 1873–1945.” Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 5, no. 16: 716–32.

Holman, Louis Arthur (1866–1939) comparative: Canadian-born artist and print dealer in Boston (from 1889).

Hommaire de Hell, Ignace-Xavier Morand (1812–48) and Jeanne-Louise-Adélaïde “Adèle” née Hériot (1819–83) comparative: French engineer and his wife, traveled across southern Russia (1838–42) and Turkey and Persia (1846–48).

Horn, Friedrich Hermann Werner (1903–78) comparative: German geographer with Justus Perthes; editor of Petermanns Geographische Mittarbeiten (1954–68).

Howse, Humphrey Derek (1919–98) internal: British naval officer and navigator (1933–58); entered National Maritime Museum in 1963, becoming head of navigation and astronomy (1976–82).

Hulbert, Archer Butler (1873–1933) comparative: US historian (MA 1904 Marrietta College) of transcontinental routes and expansion; brother of Homer.

Carter, Harvey L. 1966. “A Dedication to the Memory of Archer Butler Hulbert 1873–1933.” Arizona and the West 8, no. 1: 1–6.

Hulbert, Homer Bezaleel (1863–1949) comparative: US missionary and educator in Korea; advocate for Korean independence; brother of Archer.

Humboldt, Freiherr Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von (1769–1859): celebrated German naturalist and briefly historian of discovery. HPC 26–29; Lexikon 1:321–22.

Imhof, Eduard (1895–1987) internal: Swiss surveyor and cartographer; professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (1925–65); first president of the International Cartographic Association.

Spiess, E. 1988. “[In Memory of Eduard Imhof].” Mensuration, Photogrammetrie, Genie Rural 9, no. 88: 464–507.

Tschudi, Hans-Peter, ed. 1970. Eduard Imhof: Werk und Wirken. Zürich: Oreli Füssli Verlag.

Irving, Washington (1783–1859): US fiction writer.

Bowden, Edwin T. 1988. Washington Irving Bibliography. Part of The Complete Works of Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne.

Bowden, Mary Witherspoon. 1981. Washington Irving. Boston: Twayne.

Israel, Nico (1919–2002) comparative: Dutch antiquarian dealer and publisher of scholarly facsimiles.

Croiset van Uchelen, Ton, Koert van der Horst, and Günter Schilder, eds. 1989. Theatrum orbis librorum: Liber amicorum Presented to Nico Israel on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday. Utrecht: HES for Forum Antiquarian Booksellers.

Schilder, Günter. 2003. “Nico Israel (1919–2002).” Imago Mundi 55: 126–27.

Jackson, John Brinckerhoff (1909–1996): US environmentalist and writer, founding editor of Landscape (1951–1968)

Mendelsohn, Janet, and Chris Wilson, eds. 2015. Drawn to Landscape: The Pioneering Work of J. B. Jackson. Staunton, VA: George F. Thompson Publishing.

Jackson, Julian Richard[?] (1790–1853): British artillery officer in British India (1808–13), staff officer in the imperial Russian army (1815–30); in retirement in London a leading member of the Royal Geographical Society.

Goudie, A. S. 1978. “Colonel Julian Jackson and His Contribution to Geography.” Geographical Journal 144, no. 2: 264–70.

Jacob, Christian (b. 1955) sociocultural. French classical historian.

Jervis, Walter Willson (1892–1959) internal: British geologist; taught at the University of Bristol (1919–57, first chair of geography 1925–57).

Haggett, Peter, Tony Hoare, and Kelvyn Jones. 2009. Geography at the University of Bristol. 2nd ed. Bristol: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol. p. 4 includes a picture of Jervis teaching in the cartography laboratory in the 1920s.

Joerg, Wilhelm Louis Gottfried (1885–1952): US geographer trained in Leipzig and Göttingen, editor for American Geographical Society (1911–1937), then chief of the cartographic division of the US National Archives (1937­–1952).

Friis, Herman R. 1953. “W. L. G. Joerg, 1885–1952.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 43, no. 4: 255–83.

Wright, J. K. 1952. “W. L. G. Joerg 1885–1952.” Geographical Review 42, no. 3: 482–88.

Jomard, Edme-François (1777–1862) comparative: French surveyor, geographer, and librarian, primary editor of the Description de l’Égypte (1809–22), and curator for geography, including maps, at the Bibliothèque royale (1828–62). HPC 29–32; Lexikon 1:368.

Bus, Charles du. 1931. “Edme-François Jomard et les origines du cabinet des cartes (1777–1862).” Bulletin de la section de géographie de la comité des travaux historiques 46: 1–128.

Cortambert, Richard. 1863. Notice sur la vie et les œuvres de M. Jomard. Paris.

Dezos de la Roquette, Jean-Bernard-Marie-Alexandre. 1863. Notice sur la vie et les travaux d’Edme François Jomard. Paris.

Godlewska, Anne. 1995. “Jomard: The Geographic Imagination and the First Great Facsimile Atlases.” In Editing Early and Historical Atlases: Papers Given at the Twenty-Ninth Annual Conference on Editorial Problems, University of Toronto, 5–6 November 1993, ed. Joan Winearls, 109–35. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Laissus, Yves. 2004. Jomard, le dernier Égyptien: 1777–1862. Paris: Fayard.

Pelletier, Monique. 1979. “Jomard et le département des Cartes et Plans.” Bulletin de la Bibliothèque Nationale‎ 4: 18–27. Reprinted in Monique Pelletier, Tours et contours de la terre: Itinéraires d’une femme au coeur de la cartographie, ed. Catherine Hofmann and Danielle Lecoq (Paris: Presses de l’école nationale des ponts et chaussées, 1999), 245–56.

Richard, Hélène. 2014. “Jomard et la diffusion des sciences géographiques.” Bulletin de la SABIX 54: 61–66.

Jongh, Eduard “Eddy” Siegfried de (b. 1931): Dutch art historian, teaching at Utrecht (1963–89).

Jordan, Wilhelm (1842–99) internal: German mathematician and geodesist.

Kadmon, Naftali [Qadmwn Naptaliy] (1925–2022) internal: Israeli cartographer (PhD Wales 1973), teaching at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

Kagan, Richard Lauren (b. 1943) sociocultural: US historian (PhD Cambridge 1968), teaching at Indiana (1968–72) and Johns Hopkins (1972–2013).

Kain, Roger James Peter (b. 1944) reconstructive/sociocultural: British historical geographer (PhD University College London 1973), teacher and administrator at Exeter (1972–2010) and London (2010–23).

Karpinski, Louis Charles (1878–1956) comparative: US mathematician (PhD Strasbourg 1903), teaching at Michigan (1904–48); antiquarian collector and dealer.

Jones, Philip S. 1976. “Louis Charles Karpinski, Historian of Mathematics and Cartography.” Historia Mathematica 3: 185–202.

Pedley, Mary Sponberg. 2007. “Louis Charles Karpinski and the Cartography of the Great Lakes.” In Mapping in Michigan and the Great Lakes Region, ed. David I. MacLeod, 13–38. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. Originally published as Michigan Historical Review 30, no. 2 (2005): 166–99.

Karrow, Robert W., Jr. (b. 1945) comparative: Map curator (MLS Wisconsin 1971; PhD Loyola 1999) at the Newberry Library, Chicago (1971–2011).

Keates, John Stanley (1925–99): UK cartographer (MA Oxford 1950), cartographic editor for Oxford University Press, Penguin Books, Esselte (Sweden) (1950–60), then teaching at Glasgow (1960–91).

Anonymous. 2001. “John Stanley Keates: Curriculum Vitae and List of Publications.” Cartographic Journal 38, no. 1: 5–6.

Wood, Michael. 1999. “John Stanley Keates (1925–1999).” Cartographic Journal 36, no. 2: 155–56.

Kelsay, Laura Elizabeth (1907–86) comparative: US map archivist and cataloger, National Archives (1944–77)

Grim, Ronald E. 1990. “Laura E. Kelsey, 1907–1986.” Bulletin of the Special Libraries Association, Geography and Map Division 160: 63–66.

Keuning, Johannes (1881–1957) comparative: Dutch school teacher of mathematics and geography (1900–46). HPC 66.

Hoff, B. van ‘t. 1959. “Johannes Keuning, 1881–1957.” Imago Mundi 14: 13–16.

Kiely, Edmond R. (1900–88) internal: Irish-born member of the Congregation of Christian Brothers (a lay Catholic order) and professor of mathematics at Iona College, New York (1940–68).

Kimble, George Herbert Tinley (1908–2004) comparative: British-born geographer, teaching at Hull and Reading (1931–39), McGill in Montreal (1945–49), and Indiana (1957–66); director of the AGS (1949–57).

Kish [Kiss], George (1914–89) comparative: Hungarian geographer (DSc Budapest 1939), moved to the USA (PhD Michigan 1945), taught at Michigan (1945–84); anglicized “Kiss” as “Kish” when naturalized as a U.S. citizen (1948).

Pedley, Mary Sponberg, and David Bosse. 1991. “George Kish (1914–1989).” Imago Mundi 43: 100–1.

Kishimoto Haruko (1931–99): Japanese-born academic cartographer working in Germany and Switzerland.

Koeman, Cornelis (1918–2006) comparative/internal/reconstructive: draftsman for the Topographische dienst in Delft (from 1938), then enrolled in the Technische Hogeschool Delft (to 1951). Taught cartography at the University of Utrecht (1957–81; PhD 1961); first chair in cartography in the Netherlands (1968–81).

Koeman, Cornelis. 1988. Miscellanea cartographica: Contributions to the History of Cartography. Ed. Günter Schilder, and Peter van der Krogt. Utrecht: H&S. pp. ix–xl.

Koeman, Cornelis. 1989. “The Making of Atlantes neerlandici.” In Theatrum Orbis Librorum: Liber Amicorum Presented to Nico Israel on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday, ed. Ton Croiset van Uchelen, Koert van der Horst, and Günter Schilder, 8–14. Utrecht: HES and Forum Antiquarian Booksellers.

Schilder, Günter, and Peter van der Krogt. 2007. “Cornelis Koeman (1918–2006).” Imago Mundi 59, no. 1: 105–13.

Kohl, Johann Georg (1808–78): Bremen-born geographer, travel writer, and historian of the discovery of North America. HPC 39.

Conzen, Michael P. 1993. “Johann Georg Kohl and American Historical Geography.” Portolan 27: 10–15.

Deane, Charles. 1878. “[J. G. Kohl].” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 16: 381–85.

Elsmann, Thomas. 2010. Johann Georg Kohl: Ein Leben zwischen der Alten und der Neuen Welt. Bremen: Carl Schünemann Verlag.

Koch, Hans-Albrecht, Margrit B. Krewson, and John A. Wolter, eds. 1993. Progress of Discovery/Auf den Spuren der Entdecker: Johann Georg Kohl. Graz: Akademisch Druck.

Krewsen, Margrit B., and Ute Baudissin, eds. 1993. The Articulate Traveler: Johann Georg Kohl, Chronicler of American Continents. A Library of Congress Exhibition, Madison Building Foyer, March 24–June 27, 1993. Washington, DC: Library of Congress.

Peucker, Thomas K. 1968. “Johann Georg Kohl: A Theoretical Geographer of the 19th Century.” Professional Geographer 20, no. 4: 247–50.

Trautmann, Frederic. 1984. “Johann Georg Kohl: A German Traveler in Minnesota Territory.” Minnesota History 49, no. 4: 126–39.

Winsor, Justin. 1886. The Kohl Collection of Maps Relating to America. Cambridge, MA: Library of Harvard University. pp. 3–4

Wolter, John A. 1981. “Johann Georg Kohl and America.” Map Collector 17: 10–14.

Wood, Fergus J. 1976. “J. G. Kohl and the ‘Lost Maps’ of the American Coast.” American Cartographer 3, no. 2: 107–15.

Korzybski, Alfred (1879–1950): Polish-born independent scholar, emigrated to USA in 1916.

Kraus, Hans Peter (1907–88) comparative: Austrian rare book dealer; deported in 1938, reestablished business in New York in 1939.

Kretschmer, Ingrid (1937–2011) internal: Austrian academic cartographer at the University of Vienna (appointed professor in 1988), becoming a prolific map historian after taking responsibility in 1978 for teaching the history of cartography.

Dörflinger, Johannes. 2012. “Ingrid Kretschmer (1939–2011).” Imago Mundi 64, no. 1: 108–11.

Kretschmer, Konrad (1864–1945) comparative: German historical geographer (PhD Berlin 1889), private lecturer at the Prussian War College (1893–1907) and in Berlin (1893–1920), later associate professor (1920–29). HPC 55; Lexikon 1:423–24.

Krogt, Petrus “Peter” Cornelis Jozef van der (b. 1956) comparative: leading Dutch cartobibliographer (PhD Utrecht 1989).

Krünitz, Johann Georg (1728–96): German physician (MD Frankfurt 1749) and, after 1776, encyclopedist.

Kruse, Christian Karsten (Chrétien Carsten) (1753–1827): German historian.

Kunstmann, Friedrich (1811–1867) comparative: German catholic priest, confessor to Pedro IV of Portugal. HPC 40.

La Martinière, Antoine-Augustin Bruzen de (1683–1746) early modern (geographer): polymathic French-born courtier and diplomat, based in the Netherlands after 1713.

La Roncière, Charles Germaine Marie Bourel de (1870–1941) comparative: French historian of discovery. HPC 59.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 95.

Laussedet, Aimé (1819–1907) internal: French military engineer (1838–79) and pioneer photogrammetrist, simultaneously professor at the École polytechnique (professor of geodesy, 1856), and later director of the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (1884–1900).

Polidori, Laurent, ed. 2020. Aimé Laussedat (1819–1907): Le précurseur de la photgrammetrie. Paris: Publi Topex.

Lauwerys, Joseph Albert (1902–1981): Belgian-born UK educationalist, teaching in London (1932–70).

Laxton, Paul, reconstructive: British historical geographer, teaching at University of Liverpool for over fifty years.

Layng, Theodore “Ted” Edmund (1914–88) comparative: archivist with Public (later National) Archives of Canada (beginning 1948; chief of the National Map Collectino, 1955–73).

LeGear, Clara Egli (1896–1994) comparative: cataloger (MLS 1936) and map librarian at the Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division (1914–72; assistant chief, 1931–45; bibliographer, 1945–72).

Grim, Ronald E. 1995. “Clara Egli LeGear (1896–1994).” Imago Mundi 47: 184–85.

Monk, Janice. 2004. “Women, Gender, and the Histories of American Geography.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94, no. 1: 1–22. pp. 2–3.

Lelewel, Joachim Jozef Benedykt (1786–1861) comparative: Polish historian, nationalist politician, maker of analytical maps of the past; exiled to Paris in 1830, then Brussels after 1833. HPC 37–38; Lexikon 1: 445–46.

Edney, Matthew H. 2021. “Joachim Lelewel’s Editing of Early Maps, ca. 1850.” Portolan 111: 23–30.

Essen, Alfred van der. 1986. “L’apport de Joachim Lelewel dans le domaine de l’histoire de la géographie.” In Joachim Lelewel à Bruxelles de 1833 a 1861: Actes du Colloque des 17 et 18 avril 1986, ed. Teresa Wysokinska, 215–22. Brussels: Centre International Lelewel d’Études et d’Informations Historiques.

Hoskins, Janina W. 1986. Joachim Lelewel, Scholar, 1786–1861: Bio-Bibliographic Sketch. Washington, DC: European Division, Library of Congress.

Mikoś, Michael J. 1984. “Joachim Lelewel: Polish Scholar and Map Collector (1786–1861).” Map Collector 26: 20–24.

Rzepa, Zbigniew. 1980. “Joachim Lelewel, 1786–1861.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 4: 103–12.

Rzepa, Zbigniew. 1980. “Kartografia historyczna Joachima Lelewela.” Ze Skarbca Kultury: pólrocznik Zakładu Narodowego im. Ossoliniskich 34: 41–96.

Seegel, Steven. 2005. “Cartography and the Collected Nation in Joachim Lelewel’s Geographical Imagination: A Revised Approach to Intelligentsia.” Slavica Lundensia 22: 23–31.

Serejski, Marian Henryk. 1961. Joachim Lelewel, 1786–1861: Sa vie et son oeuvre. Warsaw: Zaklad Narodowy imienia Ossolinskich.

Letronne, Antoine-Jean (1797–1848): French autodidact Hellenist who inter alia wrote extensively on ancient geographical conceptions. Director of the École des chartes (from 1817), chair of history (1831–38) and archaeology (1838–48) at the Collège de France, and keeper of the Archives nationales (from 1840).

Lewis, Graham Malcolm (b. 1930–2022) reconstructive/sociocultural: UK historical geographer, teaching at Sheffield (retired 1990).

Akerman, James R., and Margaret Wilkes. 2022. “G. Malcolm Lewis (1930–2022).” Imago Mundi 74, no. 2: 302–5.

Lobanov-Rostovsky [Labanoff de Rostoff], Prince Aleksandr Yakovlevich (1788–1866): Russian antiquary.

Lobeck, Armin Kohl (1886–1958): US geologist, teaching at Wisconsin and Columbia.

Grandinetti, Fred S. 2003. “Armin Kohl Lobeck 1886–1958.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 22: 112–31.

Grandinetti, Fred S. 2015. “Lobeck, Armin K(ohl).” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 787–88. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Loon, Hendrik Willem van (1882–1944): Dutch-born US historian (PhD Munich 1911), journalist, and popular writer of histories and politics.

Van Minnen, Cornelius A. 2005. Van Loon: Popular Historian, Journalist and FDR Confidant. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Löwenson, Leo [Lev] Sergeevich (1885–1968): Russian-born historian, teaching in Germany (1918–33), when emigrated to UK, becoming librarian, School of Slavonic Studies, University of London (1942–56).

Lowenthal, David (1923–2018): US historical geographer (PhD UC-Berkeley 1953), teaching at Vassar (1952–56), and University College London (1972–86); research associate, American Geographical Society (1956–72); Institute of Race Relations, London (1961–72).

Lucas, Frederic [Fred] W. (1842–1932) comparative: British lawyer and collector.

Lynam, Edward William O’Flaherty (1885–1950) comparative: British librarian; superintendent of the British Museum’s map room. HPC 67–68.

Crone, G. R. 1950. “Edward William O’Flaherty Lynam.” Imago Mundi 7: 47.

Skelton, R. A. 1950. “Obituary: Edward William O’Flaherty Lynam.” Geographical Journal 115, nos. 1–3: 135–36.

Taylor, E. G. R. 1950. “Obituary: Edward Lynam.” Geographical Review 40, no. 3: 491–92.

Lynch, Kevin Andrew (1918–1984): US urban planner, teaching at MIT (1948–1984).

Gold, John R. 2011. “Kevin Lynch.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 292–98. London: SAGE.

Mabillon, Jean (1632–1707) early modern (antiquary): French Benedictine monk and chronicler.

MacEachren, Alan Maitland (b. 1952) internal: US academic cartographer (PhD Kansas 1979), professor of cartography at Virginia Polytechnic Institute (1979–1983), Colorado (1983–1985), and Pennsylvania State (1985–2021).

Magnaghi, Alberto (1875–1945) comparative: Italian geographer, teaching at Palermo and Turin (chair). HPC 60.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 96

Maitland, Frederic William (1850–1906) reconstructive: prominent British lawyer and historian; Downing professor of the Laws of England, Cambridge (1888–1906).

Major, Richard Henry (1818–91) comparative: librarian in the British Museum with responsibility for maps (1844–80; keeper of maps, 1867–80); secretary of the Hakluyt Society, 1849–58. HPC 41–42.

Campbell, Tony. 1996. “R. H. Major and the British Museum.” In Compassing the Vaste Globe of the Earth: Studies in the History of the Hakluyt Society, 1846–1996, ed. Roy C. Bridges, and P. E. H. Hair, 81–141. Publications of the Hakluyt Society, 2nd ser. 183. London: The Hakluyt Society.

J. H. 1886. Biography of R. H. Major from Materials Supplied by Himself at the Request of the Author, J. H. London: privately printed.

Maling, Derek Hylton (1923–98) internal: RAF navigator (1941–46), geographer (PhD Durham 1956), taught cartography at University College Swansea (1956–80).

Board, Christopher. 2015. “Maling, D(erek) H(ylton).” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 798. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Laws, Richard M. 1999. “Derek Hylton Maling.” Polar Record 35, no. 194: 259–62.

Malte-Brun, Conrad (1775–1826): Danish geographer, born Malthe Conrad Bruun, and historian of discovery, exiled to Paris in 1799.

Bredal, Bjørn. 2011. Manden der ville vise verden, Malthe Conrad Bruun & Malte-Brun. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Frenzel, Reinhard. 1908. Malthe Conrad Bruun (Malte-Brun): Frankreichs bedeutendster Geograph im ersten Viertel des 19. Jahrhunderts. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der geographischen Wissenschaft. Crimmitschau: Robert Raab.

Godlewska, Anne. 1991. “L’influence d’un homme sur la géographie française: Conrad Malte-Brun (1775–1826).” Annales de géographie 100, no. 558: 190–206.

Manley, Gordon (1902–80): British geographer and climatologist (MSc Manchester 1938), teaching at Durham (first head of department, 1928–39), Cambridge (1939–48), Bedford College in London (1948–64), and Lancaster (1964–67).

Marcel, Gabriel Alexandre (1843–1909) comparative: French librarian in Bibliothèque nationale de France (1866–1909, map curator 1888). HPC 46.

Vignaud, Henry. 1909. “Nécrologie: Gabriel Marcel.” Journal de la société des américanistes 6: 275–76.

Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1830–1916): British geographer; Royal Geographical Society (secretary, 1863–88; president, 1893–1905).

Markham, A. H. 1917. The Life of Sir Clements R. Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S. London: John Murray.

Savours, Ann. 1996. “Clements Markham: Longest Serving Officer, Most Prolific Editor.” In Compassing the Vaste Globe of the Earth: Studies in the History of the Hakluyt Society, 1846–1996, ed. Roy C. Bridges, and P. E. H. Hair, 164–88. Publications of the Hakluyt Society, 2nd ser. 183. London: The Hakluyt Society.

Marsh, David Putnam “Ben” (b. 1949): US geographer (PhD Pennsylvania State 1983), teaching at Bucknell University.

McCorkle, Barbara Backus née Swanton (1920–2017) comparative: US map librarian at the University of Kansas (1968–74) and Yale University (1981–93).

Ehrenberg, Ralph E. 2018. “Barbara Backus McCorkle (1920–2017).” Imago Mundi 70, no. 2: 237–38.

McCune, Shannon (1913–93): US geographer, specializing in Korea.

Mead, Bradock. See Green, John.

Mees, Jules (1876–1937) comparative: Belgian historian at Ghent, specializing in Portuguese discoveries.

Meinig, Donald William (1925–2020): US historical geographer (PhD Washington 1953); taught at Utah (1950–59) and Syracuse (1959–90).

Gould, Peter, and Forrest R. Pitts, eds. 2002. Geographical Voices: Fourteen Autobiographical Essays. Syracuse, NY: Blackwell. chap. 8

Wyckoff, William. 2021. “D. W. Meinig, 1924–2020.” Journal of Historical Geography 71: 12–16.

Meitzen, August (1822–1910) reconstructive: German statistician and agricultural historian; joined Prussian statistical bureau in 1865; professor of political science at Berlin (1875–92).

Mentelle, Edme (1730–1816): French geographer. Lexikon 2: 484–85

Heffernan, Michael. 2005. “Edme Mentelle’s Geographies and the French Revolution.” In Geography and Revolution, ed. David N. Livingstone, and Charles W. J. Withers, 273–303. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Mercator, Gerardus [Kremer (de Cremer), Gerhard] (1512–94) early modern (historian): Flemish-born cosmographer; subject of extensive studies by map historians.

Michow, Heinrich Paul Gotthilf (1839–1919): German preacher, geographer, and schoolteacher.

Miller, Konrad (1844–1933) comparative: German theologian (ordained 1868), naturalist (PhD Tübingen 1870), and historian of geography. HPC 46; Lexikon 2:498–99.

Husslein, Gertrud. 1995. “Konrad Miller.” Orbis Terrarum: Internationale Zeitschrift für historische Geographie der alten Welt 1: 213–33.

Moles, Abraham André (1920–1992): French acoustic engineer and philosopher; pioneer of “cartographic communication.”

Devèze, Jean. 2004. “Abraham Moles: Un exceptionel passeur transdiciplinaire.” Hermès, La Revue 2, no. 39: 189–200.

Monmonier, Mark [Stephen] (b. 1943) internal/sociocultural: US academic cartographer (PhD Pennsylvania State 1969), teaching at Syracuse University (1973–2021).

Monmonier, Mark. 2014. Adventures in Academic Cartography: A Memoir. Syracuse, NY: Bar Scale Press.

Morgan, Victor (b. ca. 1957) sociocultural: UK cultural historian of early modern England (PhD East Anglia 1983), teaching at the University of East Anglia.

Mori, Attilo (1865–1938) internal: Italian topographer and professor at Messina.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 96

Morrison, Joel Lynn (b. 1940): US cartographer (PhD Wisconsin 1968), taught at Wisconsin (1968–1983) and Ohio State (1998–2003); assistant chief for research in the US National Mapping Division (1983–1995); chief of the US Census geography division (1995–1998); president of the International Cartographic Association.

Mota, Avelino Teixera da (1920–1982) comparative: Portuguese naval officer (from 1943), seconded after 1945 to a variety of duties in colonial administration and governmental academic agencies. Specialist in history of Portuguese marine mapping and colonialism.

Hair, P. E. H. 1983. “The Teixeira da Mota Archive and the Guinea Texts Project.” History in Africa 10: 387–94.

Valentim, Carlos Manuel. [2007]. “Mota, Avelino Teixeira da (Lisboa, 1920–1982).” Dicionário de historiadores Portugueses. http://dichp.bnportugal.pt.

Wallis, Helen M. 1988. “Avelino Teixeira da Mota (1920-1982).” Imago Mundi 40: 129–30.

Mountaine, William (ca. 1700–79): British mathematical practitioner.

Chaplin, W. R. 1960. “William Mountaine, F.R.S., Mathematician.” American Neptune 60: 185–90.

Taylor, E. G. R. 1966. The Mathematical Practitioners of Hanoverian England, 1714–1840. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Institute of Navigation. no. 293.

Müller, Carl [Charles] (1813–94): Classicist and analytic map maker working in Britain.

Talbert, Richard J. A. 1994. “Carl Müller (1813–1894), S. Jacobs, and the Making of Classical Maps in Paris for John Murray.” Imago Mundi 46: 128–50.

Muller, Frederik [Frits] (1817–1881) comparative: Dutch book dealer and pioneering bibliographer. HPC 41.

Koeman, Cornelis. 1961. Collections of Maps and Atlases in the Netherlands: Their History and Present State. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 91–111.

Smits, Jan. 1995. “For Pleasure and Support (bis dat qui cito dat).” In Dirk de Vries, Peter van der Krogt, and Jan Smits, La Cartografia dels Païs Baixos, 143–258. Vol. 7 of Cicle de conferències sobre Història de la Cartografia. Barcelona: Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya. pp. 156–59.

Murr, Christoph Gottlieb von [Christophe-Theophile de] (1733–1811) early modern (antiquary): Nuremberg lawyer and bibliophile.

Navarrete, Martín Fernández de (1765–1844): Spanish hydrographer and historian of discovery. HPC 35.

Nebenzahl, Kenneth (1927–2020) comparative: US antiquarian dealer specializing in early maps and geography.

Edney, Matthew H. 2021. “Of Maps, Libraries, and Lectures: The Nebenzahl Lectures and the Study of Map History.” Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 17, nos. 2–3: 95–147.

Karrow, Robert W., Jr., and James R. Akerman. 2020. “Kenneth Nebenzahl (16 September 1927–29 January 2020).” Imago Mundi 72, no. 2: 198–200.

McCamant, Robert. 2012. “Ken Nebenzahl at the Crossroads.” Caxtonian 20, no. 6: 1–5.

Needham, Joseph (1900–95): British biochemist (PhD Cambridge 1925), teaching at Cambridge (1925–90); director of the Sino-British Science Co-operation Office, Chongqing (1942–46), head of natural sciences at UNESCO (1946–48).

Neurath, Otto Karl Wilhelm (1882–1945): socialist German statistician (PhD 1906 Berlin) and philosopher; inventor of Isotype; in 1937 left for the Netherlands and then the UK.

Niebuhr, Barthold Georg (1776–1831): Danish-German historian of ancient Rome. Son of Danish explorer Carsten Niebuhr.

Nischer-Falkenhof, Ernst von (1879–1961) comparative: Austrian infantry officer; map archivist and briefly director of the Kriegsarchiv, Vienna (1913–36); archaeologist and ancient historian (PhD Vienna 1918).

Hillbrand, Ernst. 1962. “Ernst Nischer-Falkenhof (1879–1961).” Mitteilungen des österreichischen Staatsarchives 15: 700–4.

Mader, Brigitta. 2017. “Zwischen Stillstand und Aufschwung: Die Prähistorische Kommission der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften von 1918 bis 1938.” Archaeologia Austriaca 101: 11–44.

Nolli, Giovanni Battista (1701–56) early modern (antiquary): Italian cadastral surveyor, engineer, and architect.

Bevilacqua, Mario. 2019. “Nolli, Giovanni Battista.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 1061–63. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Nordenskiöld, Baron Nils Adolf Erik (1832–1901) comparative: Swedish-Finnish explorer and map collector. HPC 44; Lexikon 2:542–53.

Anonymous. 1951. “A. E. Nordenskiöld † 1901.” Imago Mundi 8: 98–99.

Anonymous. 1979. A. E. Nordenskiöld. Helsinki: Helsingen Kaupungintalo/Helsingfors Stadshus.

Häkli, Esko. 1980. A. E. Nordenskiöld: A Scientist and His Library. Helsinki: Helsinki University Library. Originally published as “Introduction,” in The A. E. Nordenskiöld Collection in the Helsinki University Library: Annotated Catalogue of Maps Made up to 1800, ed. Ann-Mari Mickwitz and Leena Miekkavaara (Helsinki: Helsinki University Library, 1979), 1: ix–xxviii.

Häkli, Esko. 1981. A. E. Nordenskiöld and Finland. Helsinki: Helsingfors universitetsbibliotek.

Kish, George. 1968. “Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (1832–1901): Polar Explorer and Historian of Cartography.” Geographical Journal 134, no. 4: 487–500.

Kish, George. 1973. North-East Passage: Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, His Life and Times. Amsterdam: Nico Israel.

Kokkonen, Pellervo. 2003. “A. E. Nordenskiöld and the Discovery of History.” In Accurata descriptio: Studier i kartografi, umismatik, orientalistik och biblioteksväsen tillägnade Ulla Ehrensvärd / Papers in Cartography, Numismatics, Oriental Studies and Librarianship Presented to Ulla Ehrensvärd, ed. Göran Bäärnhielm, Folke Sandgren, and Anders Burius, 337–52. Stockholm: Kungl. Biblioteket.

Marshall, Douglas W. 1982. “The Formation of a Nineteenth-Century Map Collection: A. E. Nordenskiöld of Helsinki.” Map Collector 21: 14–19.

Mickwitz, Ann-Mari. 1979. “Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld and His Library.” GeoJournal 3, no. 4: 395–98.

Mickwitz, Ann-Mari. 1979. “Dear Mr. Nordenskiold, Your Offer Is Accepted!” In The Map Librarian in the Modern World: Essays in Honour of Walter W. Ristow, ed. Helen Wallis, and Lothar Zögner, 221–35. Munich: K. G. Saur Verlag for the IFLA Section of Geography and Map Libraries.

Oehme, Ruthardt (1901–87) comparative: German geographer (PhD Heidelberg 1929) and librarian (director, Technische Hochschule, Karlsruhe, 1952–66).

Oldham, Henry Yule (1862–1951) comparative: British geographer, teaching at Cambridge (1893–1921); repeated the Bedford Level experiment (1901).

Ormeling, Ferdinand “Fer” Jan, Sr. (1912–2002) internal: surveyor and map maker in the post-war Dutch colonial service, editor of Bosatlas (1955–1981), first professor of cartography at the ITC (1971–1982).

Hedbom, Olof, and Rolf Böhme. 1989. “Ferdinand J. Ormeling: A Biography.” In Cartography Past, Present and Future: A Festschrift for F. J. Ormeling, ed. D. W. Rhind, and D. R. F. Taylor, 1–11. London: Elsevier for the International Cartographic Association.

Ormeling, Ferdinand Jan “Ferjan,” Jr. (b. 1942) internal: Dutch academic cartographer (PhD Utrecht 1983), teaching in Utrecht (1969–2007), professor of (modern) cartography (1986).

Heere, Elger, and Martijn Storms. 2007. “Visualising an All-Round Cartographer: A Biography of Prof. Dr. Ferjan Ormeling.” In Ferjan Ormeling, Ormeling’s Cartography: Presented to Ferjan Ormeling on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday and His Retirement as Professor of Cartography, ed. Elger Heere and Martijn Storms, 11–36, 191–212. Utrecht: Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht for the Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap.

Ortelius [Ortels], Abraham (1527–98) early modern (historian): Flemish humanist, bookseller, map publisher, and maker of analytic maps of the past.

Karrow, Robert W., Jr. 1993. Mapmakers of the Sixteenth Century and Their Maps: Bio-Bibliographies of the Cartographers of Abraham Ortelius, 1570. Chicago: Speculum Orbis Press for The Newberry Library. pp. 1–31

Voet, Leon. 1998. “Abraham Ortelius and his World.” In Abraham Ortelius and the First Atlas: Essays Commemorating the Quadricentennial of his Death, 1598–1998, ed. Marcel P. R. van den Broecke, Peter van der Krogt, and Peter H. Meurer, 11–28. ’t Goy-Houten, Netherlands: HES.

Pattison, William David, II (1921–97) substantive: US historical geographer and professor of education (PhD Chicago 1957), teaching at UCLA and Chicago (1966–1991).

Pearson. See Cook.

Pelletier, Monique (1934–2020) comparative: alumna of the École des chartes, joined the Bibliothèque nationale; director of the BnF’s Départment des cartes et plans (1976–99).

Penck, Friedrich Karl Albrecht (1858–1945): prominent German geographer and geomorphologist (PhD Leipzig 1878), taught at Vienna (1885–1906) and Berlin (1906–1927).

Meynen, Emil. 1983. “Albrecht Penck 1858–1945.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 7: 101–8.

Seegel, Steven. 2018. Map Men: Transnational Lives and Deaths of Geographers in the Making of East Central Europe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Perrier, Anton François Jacques Justin Georges (1872–1946) internal: French military engineer and geodesist, rising to rank of general.

Tardi, P. 1946. “Le Général Georges Perrier (1872–1946).” Annales Françaises de Chronometrie 16: 139–43.

Petchenik, Barbara née Bartz (1939–92) internal: US cartographer (PhD Wisconsin 1969), both theorist and practitioner, esp. for Hammond (1975–92).

Robinson, Arthur H. 1994. “B. B. Petchenik (1939–1992).” Imago Mundi 46: 174–75.

Rundstrom, Robert A. 1992. “Barbara Bartz Petchenik: In Remembrance.” Cartographica 29, no. 2: 60–61.

Peucker, Karl (1859–1940) internal: German geographer and map maker (PhD Berlin 1890); chief scientist in the map division of the Artaria publishing company in Vienna (1891–1922). Lexikon 2: 599–600.

Kretschmer, Ingrid. 2015. “Peucker, Karl.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 1101–2. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Peutinger, Konrad (Conrad) (1465–1547) early modern (historian): Augsburg lawyer and administrator, bibliophile and collector.

Phillips, Henry, Jr. (1838–95) comparative: American numismatist; member and officer of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.

Smyth, Albert H. 1900. “Henry Phillips, Jr.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society Memorial Volume 1: 26–35.

Phillips, Philip Lee (1856–1924) comparative: US librarian, superintendent of the Hall of Maps and Charts, Library of Congress (1897–1924).

Fox, Cheryl. 2016. The King of Maps: Philip Lee Phillips’ First Acquisitions Trips in the Deep South 1903 and Europe 1905. Washington, DC: Philip Lee Phillips Map Society.

Ristow, Walter W. 1971. “Philip Lee Phillips, Cartobibliographer.” In Karten in Bibliotheken: Festgabe für Heinrich Kramm zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres, ed. Lothar Zögner, 95–109. Bonn-Bad Godesberg: Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landeskunde und Raumordnung Selbstverlag. Reprinted in Surveying and Mapping 32, no. 1 (1972), and in Walter W. Ristow, The Emergence of Maps in Libraries (Hamden, Conn.: Linnet Books, 1980), 297–317.

Seavey, Charles A. 1993. “Philip Lee Phillips and the Growth of the Library of Congress Map Collection, 1897–1924.” Government Publications Review 20, no. 3: 283–95.

Stephenson, Richard W. 1998. A Separate Apartment for Maps and Atlases in the Library of Congress by Philip Lee Phillips, F.R.G.S. Occasional Publication of the Philip Lee Phillips Society, 1. Washington, DC: Geography and Map Division, Library of Congress.

Playfair, James Octavius (1738–1819): Scottish divine, chronologer, historian, and geographer; principal of St. Andrews University (from 1800).

Withers, Charles W. J. 2005. “James Playfair 1738–1819.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 24: 79–85.

Prince, Hugh Counsell (1927–2013): British historical geographer, taught at University College London (1952–92).

Clout, Hugh. 2013. “Hugh Counsell Prince, 16 September 1927–20 February 2013.” Geographical Journal 179, no. 4: 382–83.

Clout, Hugh. 2015. “Hugh Counsell Prince: 1927–2013.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 34: 63–96.

Raemdonck, Jean Hubert van (1817–1899) comparative: Flemish doctor (MD Ghent 1845) and archaeologist.

Raisz, Erwin Josephus (1893–1968) internal: Hungarian-born military engineer, architect (Austria), and geologist (PhD Columbia 1930); map maker and instructor for Harvard University’s Institute of Geographical Exploration (1930–50) and then at several other North American universities.

Harrison, Richard Edes. 1969. “Erwin Raisz (1893–1968).” Geographical Review 59, no. 3: 448–49.

Robinson, Arthur H. 1970. “Erwin Josephus Raisz, 1893–1968.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 60, no. 1: 189–93.

Thrower, Norman J. W. 2015. “Raisz, Erwin (Josephus).” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 1240–44. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Yacher, Leon. 1982. “Erwin Josephus Raisz 1893–1968.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 6: 93–98.

Ramusio, Giovanni Battista (1485–1557) early modern (geographer): Venetian diplomat.

Raumer, Karl Georg von (1783–1865) internal: German mineralogist and geographer; administrative official in Wrocław (Breslau) who also taught at the university there in 1810–19; then taught at Erlangen (1823–65).

Ravenhill, William Lionel Desmond (1919–95) reconstructive: British historical geographer; after service as a fighter pilot, taught at the University of Exeter (1948–83).

Kain, Roger J. P. 1996. “William L. D. Ravenhill (1919–1995).” Imago Mundi 48: 212–15.

Ravenstein, Ernst Georg (1834–1913) internal: German-born British geographer; map maker in the War Office topographical department (1858–1872), then independent map maker and scholar. HPC 44–45; Lexikon 2: 655.

Grigg, D. B. 1977. “Ernst Georg Ravenstein, 1834–1913.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 1: 79–82.

Ravenstein, E. G. [1908]. A Life’s Work: A Catalogue of Maps, Books, and Papers Drawn, Compiled, or Written, 1853–1908. London: “for private circulation only.”

Reclus, Jean Jacques Élisée (1830–1905): French geographer and anarchist.

Dunbar, Gary S. 1978. Élisée Reclus: Historian of Nature. Hamden, CT: Archon Books.

Ferretti, Federico. 2014. “Pioneers in the History of Cartography: The Geneva Map Collection of Élisée Reclus and Charles Perron.” Journal of Historical Geography 43: 85–95.

Ferretti, Federico. 2018. Anarchy and Geography: Reclus and Kropotkin in the UK. London: Routledge.

Reed, John Howard (1859–1916) internal: British businessman and amateur geographer; stalwart of the Manchester Geographical Society.

Anonymous. 1916. “J. Howard Reed.” Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society 32: 131.

Reeves, Edward Ayearst (1862–1945).

Reeves, Edward A. nd. Recollections of a Geographer. London: Seeley, Service & Co.

Rennell, James (1742–1830): British surveyor in Bengal, after 1780 map maker, geographer, and historian in London; prominent advocate of exploration, especially in Africa.

Reşid Pasha, Mustafa (1800–58). Ottoman politician and diplomat, ambassador of the Ponte to the United Kingdom (1836, 1837) and France (1834, 1841, 1843); grand vizier six times in 1845–­57.

Riccioli, Giovanni Battista, SJ (1598–1671) early modern (geographer): Italian astronomer and geographer; wrote inter alia on geodesy and its history.

Richardson, William “Bill” Arthur Ridley (b. 1924) comparative: British scholar of French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian studies, emigrated to Australia (1965), teaching at Adelaide and Flinders (retired 1987; PhD 2012).

Richardson, W. A. R. 2013. “Autobiographical Note and Selected Bibliography.” Flinders University Digital Collections. 28 June 2013. https://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/handle/2328/26813.

Richeson, Allie Wilson (b. 1897–1966) internal: professor of mathematics at Johns Hopkins University.

Richter, Edouard (1847–1905): Austrian geographer and glaciologist; professor at Graz (1886–1905).

Goldberger, Josef. 1986. “Eduard Richter, 1846–1905.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 10: 143–48.

Lukas, Georg A. 1906. “Eduard Richter.” Geographische Zeitschrift 12, nos. 3–5: 121–35, 193–212, 252–77.

Ristow, Walter W. (1908–2006) comparative: US map librarian; head of the Map Division of the New York Public Library (1937–1946) and the Geography and Map Division of the Library of Congress (1946–1978).

Ehrenberg, Ralph E., Richard W. Stephenson, and John A. Wolter. 2006. “[Remembering Walter Ristow].” Portolan 66: 6–15.

Hébert, John R. 2007. “Walter W. Ristow (1908-2006).” Imago Mundi 59, no. 2: 232–33.

Wallis, Helen M. 1979. “Walter W. Ristow [with a List of Publications].” In The Map Librarian in the Modern World: Essays in Honour of Walter W. Ristow, ed. Helen Wallis and Lothar Zögner, 11–46. Munich: K. G. Saur Verlag for the IFLA Section of Geography and Map Libraries.

Ritchie, George Stephen “Steve” (1914–2012) internal: British naval officer and hydrographer; promoted rear admiral and hydrographer of the (Royal) Navy (1966–71); president of the International Hydrographic Bureau (1972–82).

Rivière, Jean-Loup (1948–2018): French playwright, dramaturge, director, and critic; student of Roland Barthes; “chargé d’étude” (research fellow) at Centre Georges Pompidou (1977–80).

Robert de Vaugondy, Didier (1723–86) early modern (geographer): French geographer, appointed géographe du roi in 1751. Lexikon 2: 676–77.

Pedley, Mary Sponberg. 1992. Bel et Utile: The Work of the Robert de Vaugondy Family of Mapmakers. Tring, Herts.: Map Collector Publications.

Pedley, Mary Sponberg. 2019. “Robert de Vaugondy Family.” In Cartography in the European Enlightenment, ed. Matthew H. Edney, and Mary S. Pedley, 1277–79. Vol. 4 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Robertson, William (1721–93): Scottish divine, politician, historian, and principal of Edinburgh University.

Brown, Stewart J., ed. 1997. William Robertson and the Expansion of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Smitten, Jeffrey R. 2017. The Life of William Robertson: Minister, Historian and Principal. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Womersley, David J. 1986. “The Historical Writings of William Robertson.” Journal of the History of Ideas 47, no. 3: 497–506.

Robinson, Arthur Howard (1915–2004) internal: US academic cartographer (PhD Ohio State 1947), head of the OSS map section (1941–46), then taught at Wisconsin (1946–80).

Anonymous. 1996. “Robinson, Arthur H.” In Judith Graham, Current Biography Yearbook 1996, 467–71. New York: H. H. Wilson Co.

Castner, Henry W. 2005. “Arthur Robinson: An Academic Family Tree.” Cartographic Perspectives 51: 30–31 and 68–73.

Chu, Gregory H. 2004. “Great Geographers: Arthur H. Robinson.” Focus On Geography 48, no. 2: 34–36.

Cook, Karen Severud. 2005. “Arthur Howard Robinson (1915–2004).” Imago Mundi 57, no. 2: 195–97.

Crampton, Jeremy W. 2011. “Arthur Robinson and the Creation of America’s First Spy Agency.” International Cartographic Congress CO-174.

Crampton, Jeremy W. 2014. “The OSS Map Division.” OSS Society Journal: 80–81.

Edney, Matthew H. 2008. “Putting ‘Cartography’ into the History of Cartography: Arthur H. Robinson, David Woodward, and the Creation of a Discipline.” In A Reader in Critical Geographies, ed. Salvatore Engel-Di Mauro, and Harald Bauder, 711–28.: Praxis (e)Press (www.praxis-epress.org). Reprinted with corrections from Cartographic Perspectives 51 (2005): 14–29.

Martin, Lawrence. 2005 [1946]. “Arthur Robinson and the OSS: A Letter from Lawrence Martin, January 5, 1946.” Cartographic Perspectives 51: 67.

Morrison, Joel L. 2008. “Arthur Howard Robinson, 1915–2004.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 98, no. 1: 232–38.

Muehrcke, Phillip C. 1991. “Addendum to Robinson’s ‘Development of Cartography at the University of Wisconsin-Madison’.” Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 18: 158–60.

Olson, Judy M. 2015. “Robinson, Arthur H.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 1365–67. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ristow, Walter W. 1983. “Cartography and Robinson, Then and Now.” Bulletin of the Geography and Map Division, Special Libraries Association 132: 8–16.

Robinson, William (1777–1848): London lawyer and antiquary.

Rödiger, Fritz (1824–1909): German antiquary and archaeologist. (Not Rödinger)

Rodríguez de Campomanes y Pérez, Pedro (1723–1802): Spanish politician, historian, and map collector.

Rogg [Roggius], Ignaz [Ignatius] (1795–1886) internal: German mathematician, teaching practical geometry and surveying at the royal gymnasium in Ehingen.

Roscoe, Thomas (1791–1871): British antiquary and travel writer.

Roszak, Theodore (1933–2011): US cultural historian (PhD Princeton 1958) and leading countercultural critic, teaching at Stanford and California State Hayward/East Bay.

Roukema, Edzer (1895–1939) comparative: Dutch naval officer; editor of Imago Mundi (1959–60). HPC 68–69.

Skelton, R. A. 1963. “Edzer Roukema 1895–1960.” Imago Mundi 17: [6].

Round, John Horace (1854–1928): British medieval historian.

Ruge, Sophus (1831–1903) comparative: German geographer, ethnographer, and historian of discovery; professor at Technische Hochschule, Dresden (1872–1903). HPC 44.

Hantzsch, Viktor. 1904. “Sophus Ruge.” Geographische Zeitschrift 10, no. 2: 65–74.

Vignaud, Henry. 1906. “Sophus Ruge et ses vues sur Colomb.” Journal de la société des américanistes de Paris 3, no. 1: 7–14.

Ravenstein, E. G. 1904. Geographical Journal 23, no. 3: 396.

Ruggles, Richard Irwin (1923–2008) reconstructive: Canadian historical geographer (PhD London School of Economics 1958); taught at University of British Columbia (1953–1960), then founding chair of geography at Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario (1960–1988).

Sabin, Joseph (1821–81): British-born antiquarian dealer and bibliographer in the US.

Sagra y Peris, Ramón Dionisio José de la (1798–1871) comparative: Spanish anarchist, politician, writer, and botanist who worked in Cuba and traveled in the Americas (1821–35) before briefly settling in Paris (1835–37) and then returning to Spain.

Salitchev [Salishchev], Konstantin Alekseyevich (1905–88) internal: Russian professor of cartography.

Berlyant, A. M. 2015. “Salishchev, Konstantin Alekseyevich.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 1382–83. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Sandler, Christian (1858–1912) comparative: Bavarian geographer with interests in physical geography and geographical mapping in the period 1670–1720.

Dreyer, A. 2003 [1915]. “Christian Sandler.” In Christian Sandler, Die Reformation der Kartographie um 1700, 101–3. Bad Langensalza: Verlag Rockstuhl. Originally published in Biographisches Jahrbuch und Deutscher Nekrolog 17 (1915).

Santarém, Manuel Francisco de Barros e Sousa de Mesquita de Macedo Leitão e Carvalhosa, 2º visconde de (1791–1856) comparative: Portuguese archivist and politician; self-exiled to Paris in 1834. HPC 7–26.

Cortesão, Armando. 1935. Cartografia e cartógrafos portugueses dos séculos XV e XVI. 2 vols. Lisbon: Edição da “Seara nova.” pp. 2: 365–404.

Freitas, Jordão Apollinario de. 1909. O 2º Visconde de Santarem e os seus Atlas Geographicos. Lisbon: Officina typographica.

García, João Carlos. 2010. “Santarém ‘le navigateur’ à Paris: Cartes, diplomatie et sociétés savantes.” In Naissances de la géographie moderne, 1760–1860: Lieux, pratiques, et formation des savoirs de l’espace, ed. Jean-Marc Besse, Hélène Blais, and Isabelle Surun, 57–82. Lyon: ENS Editions.

García, João Carlos, and Maria Joaquina Feijoo, eds. 2006. A história da cartografia na obra do 2.º visconde de Santarém. Exposição cartobibliográfica, 24 de Novembro de 2006 a 10 de Fevereiro de 2007. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional.

Protásio, Daniel Estudante. 2018. “Varnhagen, Santarém e Avezac: Um episódio da polêmica vespuciana (1842-1858).” História da Historiografia 11, no. 27: 64–90.

Sauer, Carl Ortwin (1889–1975): prominent US geographer (PhD Chicago 1915), taught at Michigan (1915–23), then founding chair at UC–Berkeley (1923–57).

Leighly, John. 1978. “Carl Ortwin Sauer 1889–1975.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 2: 99–108.

Sauter, Georg Friedrich (1859–1928) internal: German geographer, professor at the Realgymnasium, Ulm.

Scharfe, Wolfgang (1942–2003) reconstructive/internal: professor of geography (PhD Berlin 1970), teaching at the Pädagogische Hochschule Berlin (1977–80) and then at the Free University of Berlin; chair of the history of cartography section of the German cartographic society (1972–2002), and founder of the Kartographiehistorisches Colloquium series (1982).

Kretschmer, Ingrid. 2004. “Wolfgang Scharfe, 1942–2003.” Imago Mundi 56, no. 2: 198–99.

Scheyb, Franz Christoph von (1704–77) early modern (history): Austrian poet and bureaucrat.

Schilder, Günter (b. 1942) comparative: Austrian-born historian of discovery (PhD Vienna 1970) and Dutch geographical mapping, teaching at Utrecht (1971–81, professor 1981–2007).

Egmond, Marco van. 2007. “Habsburger on the Dutch Historical-Cartographic Throne: A Bio-Bibliography on Günter Schilder.” In Mappæ Antiquæ: Liber Amicorum Günter Schilder. Vriendenboek ter gelegenheid van zijn 65te verjaardag / Essays on the occasion of his 65th birthday / Festschrift zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres / Mélanges offerts pour son 65ième anniversaire, ed. Paula van Gestel-van het Schip, Peter van der Krogt, Marco van Egmond et al., 27–47. ’t Goy-Houten, Neth.: HES & De Graaf Publishers.

Schulz, Juergen (1927–2014) sociocultural: German-born art historian (PhD Courtauld Institute 1958); taught at UC-Berkeley (1958–68) and Brown University (1968–95).

Friedman, David. 2015. “Juergen Schulz (1927–2014).” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 74, no. 3: 281–84.

Seebohm, Frederic (1833–1912) reconstructive: British lawyer and economic historian.

Shirley, Rodney Walter (1928–2017) comparative: British map collector and scholar.

Burden, Philip D., and Tony Campbell. 2018. “Rodney Walter Shirley (1928–2017).” Imago Mundi 70, no. 1: 120–23.

Singer, Charles (1876–1960): British zoologist and doctor; after 1918, moved into the history of science and medicine (University College London, 1920–42).

Skelton, Raleigh Ashlin “Peter” (1906–70) comparative/internal/reconstructive: librarian in the British Museum (printed books, 1931–39; map room, 1945–67, superintendent, 1950); war service in Royal Artillery and the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA) Section of Civil Affairs of the Western Allied Armies; editor of Imago Mundi (1962–1970), etc.

Edney, Matthew H. 2021. “Of Maps, Libraries, and Lectures: The Nebenzahl Lectures and the Study of Map History.” Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 17, nos. 2–3: 95–147.

Karrow, Robert W., Jr. 1972. “Raleigh Ashlin Skelton (1906–1970): A Bibliography of Printed Works.” In R. A. Skelton, Maps: A Historical Survey of their Study and Collecting, 111–31. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Koeman, Cornelis. 1971. “Introduction to Volume 25, Being the R. A. Skelton Memorial Volume of Imago Mundi.” Imago Mundi 25: 9–11.

Quinn, David Beers. 1971. “Raleigh Ashlin Skelton: His Contributions to the History of Discovery.” Imago Mundi 25: 13–15.

Quinn, David Beers. 1996. “R. A. Skelton of the Map Room.” In Compassing the Vaste Globe of the Earth: Studies in the History of the Hakluyt Society, 1846–1996, ed. Roy C. Bridges, and P. E. H. Hair, 201–7. London: Hakluyt Society.

Wallis, Helen M. 1973. “Raleigh Ashlin Skelton.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 58: 139–48.

Whitehill, Walter Muir. 1970. “R. A. Skelton.” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 3rd ser. 82: 128–32.

Smith, Jonathan Zittell (1938–2017): US historian of religion (PhD Yale 1969), teaching primarily at the University of Chicago.

Snyder, John Parr (1926–1997) internal: US chemical engineer whose amateur passion for map projections led him to a second career with the US Geological Survey (1980–88).

Hessler, John W. 2004. Projecting Time: John Parr Snyder and the Development of the Space Oblique Mercator Projection. Philip Lee Phillips Society, Occasional Publication 5. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division.

Hessler, John W. 2015. “Snyder, John P(arr).” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 1397–400. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Spykman, Nicholas John (1893–1943): Dutch-born political scientist (PhD California–Berkeley 1923), teaching at Berkeley (1923–1925) and Yale (1925–1940).

Wilkinson, David. 1985. “Spykman and Geopolitics.” In On Geopolitics: Classical and Nuclear, ed. C. E. Zoppo, and Charles Zorgbib, 77–129. Dordrecht: Nijhoff.

Stavenhagen, Willibald (1859–1922) internal: Prussian military engineer.

Steger, Ernst (fl. 1896–1898) internal: student of Hermann Wagner (inaugural diss. Göttingen 1896).

Steinbüchel, Anton von (1790–1883) early modern (antiquary): Austrian archivist, director of the k. k. Münz- und Antiquitätenkabinett (now the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien), 1819–40; professor at the University of Vienna (1817–34).

Stevens, Henry, “of Vermont” (1819–86) comparative: US antiquarian book dealer active in Europe. HPC 42.

Paltsits, Victor Hugo. 1951. “Henry Stevens: Bibliographer and Biblioscoper.” In Henry Stevens, ed., Recollections of James Lenox and the Formation of his Library, xv–xxxiii. rev. ed. New York: New York Public Library.

Parker, Wyman W. 1963. Henry Stevens of Vermont: An American Book Dealer in London, 1845–’86. Amsterdam: Nico Israel.

Stevens, Henry Newton (1855–1930) comparative: son of Henry Stevens; partner in the firm Henry Stevens, Son & Stiles, founded in 1895 with Robert Stiles.

Stevenson, Edward Luther (1859–1944) comparative: US historian (PhD Heidelberg 1890), teaching at Rutgers (1891–1911), secretary of the Hispanic Society of America. HPC 51.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 97

Vietor, Alexander O. 1948. “The Edward Luther Stevenson Collection.” Yale University Library Gazette 22, no. 3: 94–96.

Stewart, John Quincy (1894–1972): American astrophysicist (PhD Princeton 1919), teaching at Princeton (1921­–63).

Stukeley, William (1687–1765) early modern (antiquary): English pioneer of archaeology.

Piggott, Stuart. 1950. William Stukeley: An Eighteenth–Century Antiquary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Taylor, Eva Germaine Rimington (1879–1966) comparative: British geographer and historian of navigational science, professor at Birckbeck College, University of London (1930–44). HPC 63–64.

Anonymous. 1968. “Eva Germaine Rimington Taylor.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 45: 181–86.

Clercq, Peter de. 2004. “‘A chronicle of lesser men’: E. G. R. Taylor and Her Mathematical Practitioners of England.” Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society 81: 31–33.

Clercq, Peter de. 2007. “The Life and Work of E. G. R. Taylor (1871–1966), Author of The Mathematical Practitioners of Tudor and Stuart England and The Mathematical Practitioners of Hanoverian England.” Journal of the Hakluyt Society: http://www.hakluyt.com/journal_articles/2007/DeClercqTaylor.pdf.

Clout, Hugh, and Avril Maddrell. 2012. “Eva Germaine Rimington Taylor: 1879–1966.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 31: 1–29.

Crone, G. R. 1966. “Obituary: Professor E. G. R. Taylor, D. Sc.” Geographical Journal 132, no. 4: 594–96.

Skelton, R. A. 1968. “Professor E. G. R. Taylor.” Imago Mundi 22: 114–16.

Thrower, Norman Joseph William (1919–2020) internal: British map maker, served in the Survey of India and Directorate of Overseas Surveys (1942–47), emigrated to USA to become academic cartographer (PhD Wisconsin 1958), teaching at UCLA (1957–90).

Edney, Matthew H. 2021. “Norman Joseph William Thrower (23 October 1919–2 September 2020).” Imago Mundi 73, no. 1: 88–91.

Thrower, Norman J. W. 2004. From the Stone Age to the Electronic Age: The Saga of a Cartographer in the Twentieth Century and Beyond. Occasional Paper of the California Map Society, 8. n.p.: California Map Society.

Thrower, Norman J. W. 2009. Maps and Civilization Revisited. Occasional Paper of the California Map Society, 9. San Francisco: Año Nuevo Island Press.

Tyner, Judith A. 2006. “A Day with Norman J. W. Thrower.” Cartographic Perspectives 55: 1–10.

Tiele, Pieter Anton (1834–1889) comparative: Dutch book dealer and librarian. HPC 44.

Koeman, Cornelis. 1961. Collections of Maps and Atlases in the Netherlands: Their History and Present State. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 96, 100, 114–15.

Tissot, Nicolas Auguste (1824–1907): French military engineer, later geodesist and mathematician (PhD 1852 École Polytechnique).

Papadopoulos, Athanase. 2017. “Nicolas-Auguste Tissot: A Link between Cartography and Quasiconformal Theory.” Archive for History of Exact Sciences 71, no. 4: 319–36.

Tobler, Waldo Rudolph (1930–2018) internal: Swiss-born academic geographer and cartographer (PhD Seattle 1961), taught at UC-Santa Barbara.

Clarke, Keith C. 2018. “Waldo R. Tobler (1930–2018).” Cartography and Geographic Information Science 45, no. 4: 287–88.

Flowerdew, Robin. 2011. “Waldo Tobler.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 421–25. London: SAGE.

Gould, Peter, and Forrest R. Pitts, eds. 2002. Geographical Voices: Fourteen Autobiographical Essays. Syracuse, NY: Blackwell. chap. 12.

Hubbard, Phil, Rob Kitchin, and Gill Valentine. 2004. Key Thinkers on Space and Place. London: SAGE Publications. pp. 301–5

Monmonier, Mark. 2019. “Waldo R. Tobler (1930–2018).” Imago Mundi 71, no. 1: 87–88.

Todhunter, Isaac (1820–84): internal: British mathematician and historian of mathematics.

Tolman, Edward Chace (1886–1959): US psychologist (PhD Harvard 1915), teaching at UC-Berkeley.

Tooley, Ronald Vere “Mick” (1898–1986) comparative: British map dealer, generally with Francis Edwards Ltd. (1919–31, 1946­–74).

Campbell, Tony, and Terry Kay. 1987. “Ronald Vere Tooley (1898–1986).” Imago Mundi 39: 80–81.

Kay, Terry. 1987. “R. V. Tooley: A Bibliography of Published Works.” Map Collector 38: 10–14.

Wallis, Helen M., and Sarah Tyacke, eds. 1973. My Head is a Map: Essays and Memoirs in Honour of R. V. Tooley. London: Francis Edwards and Carta Press. pp. xi–xvi, 131–33.

Tóth, Ágoston Rafael (1812–89) internal: Hungarian military engineer; fought in the unsuccessful revolution, 1848–49, and was jailed until the 1856 amnesty; after the reinstatement of civilian government (1867), he founded the topographic department of the Ministry of Public Works and Transport (predecessor of the Honvéd Mapping Institute).

Towner, Lawrence William “Bill” (1921–92): US fighter pilot in 1943–46, historian (PhD Northwestern 1955), editor of William & Mary Quarterly (1955–62), then president of the Newberry Library, 1962–86, where he was instrumental in founding that library’s Hermon Dunlap Smith Center.

Edney, Matthew H. 2021. “Of Maps, Libraries, and Lectures: The Nebenzahl Lectures and the Study of Map History.” Journal of Map & Geography Libraries 17, nos. 2–3: 95–147.

McCorison, Marcus A. 1992. “Lawrence William Towner.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 102: 283–89.

Trowbridge, Charles Christopher (1870–1918): US physicist, taught at Columbia University.

Tuan, Yi-Fu (1930–2022): celebrated Chinese-born US geographer (PhD California-Berkeley 1957), teaching at Minnesota and Wisconsin.

Rodaway, Paul. 2011. “Yi-Fu Tuan.” In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, 2nd ed., ed. Phil Hubbard and Rob Kitchin, 427–31. London: SAGE.

Gould, Peter, and Forrest R. Pitts, eds. 2002. Geographical Voices: Fourteen Autobiographical Essays. Syracuse, NY: Blackwell. chap. 14.

Tyson, Michael (1740–1780): British divine and antiquary.

Uhden, Richard Otto August (1900–39) comparative: German geographer, teaching in the technical school, Brunswick. HPC 69.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. p. 98.

Ullman, Edward Louis (1912–76): US urban geographer (PhD Chicago 1942), teaching at Harvard (1946–51) and Washington (1951–76).

Boyce, Roland R. 1985. “Edward Louis Ullman 1912–1976.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 9: 129–36.

Harris, Chauncy D. 1977. “Edward Louis Ullman, 1912–1976.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 67, no. 4: 595–600.

Varenius, Bernhardus [Bernhard Varen] (1622–50): North German physician who pursued a career writing geographical texts in Amsterdam; most famous for his Geographia generalis (1650).

Schuchard, Margret, ed. 2007. Bernhard Varenius (1622–1650). Leiden: Brill.

Varnhagen, Francisco Adolfo (1816–1878). Portuguese historian of discovery. HPC 41.

Protásio, Daniel Estudante. 2018. “Varnhagen, Santarém e Avezac: Um episódio da polêmica vespuciana (1842-1858).” História da Historiografia 11, no. 27: 64–90.

Vayssière, Bruno-Henri (b. 1950) sociocultural: French architect and urbanist (PhD urban studies EHESS 1978).

Verner, Coolie (1917–79) comparative: US professor of adult education (EdD Columbia 1952), teaching at Florida State, Virginia, and British Columbia (1961–77); cartobibliographer.

Wallis, Helen M. 1981. “Coolie Verner (1917–1979).” Imago Mundi 33: 99–102.

Vignaud, Jean-Héliodore “Henry” (1830–1922) comparative: US journalist and Confederate veteran; emigrated to Paris after the Civil War, becoming secretary to the US embassy (1872–1909). HPC 43.

Cordier, Henri. 1923. “Henry Vignaud.” Journal de la Société des américanistes de Paris new ser. 15: 1–17.

Vincent, William (1739–1815): British divine, dean of Westminster (1802–15), and student of ancient geography.

Vinogradoff, Sir Paul Gavrilovitch [Pavel Gavriilovich Vinogradov] (1854–1925): Russian medievalist (Ph.D. Moscow 1887); taught at the University of Moscow (1887–1901); in 1901 emigrated to the UK, where he became Corpus professor of jurisprudence at Oxford (1903–1925).

Wagner, Hans Karl Hermann (1840–1929) internal: German geographer; taught in a gymnasium in Gotha then professor of geography in Königsberg (1876–80) and Göttingen (1880–1920). HPC 45; Lexikon 2:867–68.

Wagner, Henry Raup (1862–1957) comparative: US lawyer and mining executive, bibliophile, and bibliographer. HPC 53.

Colston, Stephen A. (2015). ""Looked to Me Like a Good Investment": The Evolution of Henry Wagner's The Plains and the Rockies and His Collection of Western Americana". Great Plains Quarterly 35, no. 2: 181–202.

Streeter, Thomas Winthrop. 1957. “Henry R. Wagner, Collector, Bibliographer, Cartographer and Historian.” California Historical Society Quarterly 36, no. 2: 165–75.

Walckenaer, Baron Charles-Athanase (1771–1852) comparative: French polymath and anglophile, sometimes misidentified as the Dutch ambassador to France; appointed in 1839 conservator for the department of maps at the Bibliothèque royale. HPC 36.

Anonymous. 1853. Catalogue des livres et cartes géographiques de la bibliothèque de feu M. le baron Walckenaer. Paris: L. Potier.

Avezac, Marie-Armand-Pascal d’. 1847. “Fragments d’une notice sur un altas manuscrit vénitien de la bibliothèque Walckenaer: Fixation des dates des diverses parties dont il se compose.” Bulletin de la société de géographie 3rd ser. 8: 152–171. Reprinted as Acta Cartographica.

Cortambert, Eugène. 1853. Notice biographique sur M. le baron Walckenaer. Paris: Imprimerie de L. Martinet.

Godlewska, Anne. 1999. Geography Unbound: French Geographic Science from Cassini to Humboldt. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 273–75/

Michaud, Louis-Gabriel, and Eugène-Ernest Desplaces, eds. 1854–[65]. Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne. 45 vols. 2nd ed. Paris: Madame C. Desplaces. pp. 44:221–37.

Naudet, Joseph. 1855. “Notice historique sur la vie et les ouvrages de M. le baron Walckenaer.” Mémoires de l’Institut Impérial de France. Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres 18: 467–508.

Wallis, Helen Margaret (1924–95) comparative: British historical geographer (DPhil Oxford, 1954) and map librarian in the British Library (1951–86, superintendent of the map room after 1967).

Barber, Peter. 2005. “In Memory of Helen Wallis (1924–1995).” Cartographic Journal 42, no. 3: 195.

Campbell, Tony. 1995. “Helen Margaret Wallis OBE (1924–1995).” Imago Mundi 47: 185–92.

Hall, Brenda, ed. 1997. Helen Margaret Wallis, 1924–1995: A Celebration, 12 April 1997. Oxford: Association of Senior Members of St. Hugh’s College.

Kay, Terry. 1987. “Helen M. Wallis: A Bibliography of Published Works.” Map Collector 40: 30–38.

Mead, William R. 1995. “Helen Wallis, 1924–1995.” Geographical Journal 161, no. 2: 240–41.

Thrower, Norman J. W. 1999. “Tribute to Helen Margaret Wallis, 1924–1995.” Meridian 15: 31–32.

Tyacke, Sarah. 2020. “Helen Margaret Wallis, 1925–1995.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 38: 165–98.

Wawrik, Franz (1940–2013) comparative: Austrian historian and geographer (PhD Vienna 1967), map librarian in Österreichische Nationalbibliothek (director, 1986–2000).

Mokre, Jan. 2014. “Franz Wawrik (21 July 1940–27 July 2013).” Imago Mundi 66, no. 1: 112–13.

Weisz, Leo (1886–1966) reconstructive: Hungarian-born economist (PhD 1914 Zurich); after war service as an engineer in the Austro-Hungarian army, being severely wounded, returned to Zurich in 1920 and worked as a journalist and independent scholar.

Welser, Marcus (1558–1614) early modern (historian): Augsburg banker, astronomer, politician, and antiquary.

Welu, James Alvin (b. 1943) sociocultural: US art historian (PhD Boston 1977); curator and director, Worcester Art Museum (1974–2011).

Wertheim, Hans (1897–1938) comparative: German bookseller; co-founder of Imago Mundi with Leo Bagrow.

Anonymous. 1939. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 3: 102–4. p. 104

Wheeler, George Montague (1842–1905) internal: US corps of engineers (1866–88); head of one of the four western surveys (1872–79).

Whitaker, Harold (1880–1953) comparative: British industrial chemist in Bradford, Yorks.; compiler of reasoned listings of northern county maps.

Wieder, Frederick Caspar[us] (1874–1943) comparative: Dutch book seller, later university librarian at Amsterdam (1912–17) and Leiden (1924–1938). HPC 60.

Anonymous. 1948. “Obituaries.” Imago Mundi 5: 93–99. pp. 98–99

Koeman, Cornelis. 1961. Collections of Maps and Atlases in the Netherlands: Their History and Present State. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 110.

Koeman, Cornelis. 1983. Geschiedenis van de kartografie van Nederland: Zes eeuwen land- en zeekaarten en stadsplattegronden. Alphen aan den Rijn: Canaletto. pp. 12–13.

Williamson, James Alexander (1886–1964) comparative: historian of early modern English maritime expansion, especially re the Cabots and Sir Francis Drake.

Winsor, Justin (1831–97) comparative: librarian of Boston Public Library (1868–77) and Harvard College Library (1877–97). HPC 43–44.

Borome, Jospeh A. 1950. “The Life and Letters of Justin Winsor.” Ph.D. dissertation. English. Columbia University.

Channing, Edward. 1898. “Justin Winsor.” American Historical Review 3, no. 2: 197–202.

Koelsch, William A. 1983. “‘A Profound though Special Erudition’: Justin Winsor as Historian of Discovery.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society new ser. 93, no. 1: 55–94.

Yust, William Frederick. 1902. A Bibliography of Justin Winsor, Superintendent of the Boston Public Library, 1868–1877, Librarian of Harvard University, 1877–1897. Cambridge, MA: Library of Harvard University.

Winterbotham, Harold St. John Loyd (1878–1946) internal: Royal Engineers; director of the Ordnance Survey (1930–34).

Wolf, Johann Rudolf (1816–93) internal: Swiss astronomer and geodesist, teaching in Bern (1844–55) and then concurrently at the university of Zurich and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule; first president of the Swiss Geodetic Commission (1861).

Lutstorf, Heinz Theo. 1993. Professor Rudolf Wolf und seine Zeit, 1816–1893. Zurich: ETH-Bibliothek.

Weilenmann, A. 1894. “Nekrolog auf Prof. Joh. Rudolf Wolf (1816–1893); Literaturverzeichnis der Arbeiten Wolf’s.” Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 39, no. 1: 1–64.

Wolkenhauer, August (1877–1915): German geographer, son of Wilhelm; taught in Göttingen and Rostock.

Wolkenhauer, Wilhelm (1845–1922) internal: German geographer; taught at the Realschule in der Aldstadt, Bremen; editor of Deutsche geographische Blätter. HPC 47.

Wolodtschenko, Alexander (b. 1949): Russian-born geodesist (Dipl Ing St. Petersburg 1974), teaching cartography at TU Dresden (1979–present); active in ICA.

Wolter, John Amadeus (1925–2015) comparative: US geographer (PhD Minnesota 1975), librarian in the Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division (1968–91; chief after 1978)

Ehrenberg, Ralph E., and Ronald E. Grim. 2016. “John Amadeus Wolter (1925–2015).” Imago Mundi 68, no. 2: 237–38.

Wood, Denis (b. 1945): US geographer (PhD Clarke 1973), environmental psychologist, and theorist of maps and mapping; taught at North Carolina State (1974–96).

Woodward, David [Alfred] (1942–2004) internal/sociocultural: British-born academic cartographer (PhD Wisconsin 1970), first map curator and director of the Hermon Dunlap Smith Center, Newberry Library (1969–80), taught at Wisconsin (1981–2002); co-founded The History of Cartography with J. B. Harley and directed its preparation.

Edney, Matthew H. 2005. “David Alfred Woodward (1942–2004).” Imago Mundi 57, no. 1: 75–83.

Edney, Matthew H. 2015. “Woodward, David.” In Cartography in the Twentieth Century, ed. Mark Monmonier, 1761–64. Vol. 6 of The History of Cartography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Wright, John Kirtland (1891–1969) comparative: US historical geographer (PhD Harvard 1922) with the American Geographical Society (1920–56, librarian 1920–37, director 1938–49).

Bowden, Martyn J. 1970. “John Kirtland Wright, 1891–1969.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 60, no. 2: 394–403.

Handley, Michael. 1993. “John K. Wright and Human Nature in Geography.” Geographical Review 83, no. 2: 183–93.

Keighren, Innes M. 2005. “Geosophy, Imagination, and Terrae incognitae: Exploring the Intellectual History of John Kirtland Wright.” Journal of Historical Geography 31, no. 3: 546–62.

Koelsch, William A. 2003. “John Kirtland Wright: 1891–1969.” Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies 22.

Lowenthal, David. 1969. “John Kirtland Wright, 1891–1969.” Geographical Review 59, no. 4: 598–604.

Wright, Thomas (1810–1877) comparative: British historian and antiquary; prolific author, as he lived off the proceeds of his writing.

Wroth, Lawrence Counselman (1884–1970) comparative: US bibliographer and librarian with the John Carter Brown (1923–57).

Adams, Thomas R. 1971. “In Memoriam: Lawrence C. Wroth, 1884–1970.” Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 65, no. 2: 103–7.

Goff, F. R., ed. 1951. Essays Honoring Lawrence C. Wroth. Portland, ME: Anthoensen Press. With bibliography.

Stoddard, Roger E. 2000. “‘Dear Lawrence,’ ‘Dear Bill’: William A. Jackson, Lawrence C. Wroth, and the Practice of Bibliography in America.” Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 94, no. 4: 479–505.

Yonge, Ena Laura (1895–1971) comparative: map librarian at American Geographical Society (1917–62).

Brown, Georgia. 2020. “Lost and Found in the Map Library: Ena L. Yonge and the History of Map Librarianship.” MA thesis. History. University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee.

Felland, Nordis. 1972. “Ena L. Yonge 1895–1971.” Geographical Review 62, no. 3: 414–17.

LeGear, Clara Egli. 1971. “Ena Laura Yonge (1895–1971).” Imago Mundi 25: 85–86.

Youssouf [Youssef, Yūsuf] Kamal [Kemal, Kamāl] (1882–1967) comparative: wealthy member (commonly styled as prince) of the ruling house of Egypt, founded Cairo’s École des beaux-arts in 1908; it is inappropriate to use Kamal as a family name, as has generally been done.

Zanetti, Girolamo Francesco (1713–82) early modern (antiquary): Venetian connoisseur and commentator on the visual and dramatic arts.

Zen, Nicolò (1515–65) early modern (antiquary): Venetian patrician, often Italianized as “Zeno” (i.e., male member of the house of Zen, plural “Zeni”).

Horodowich, Elizabeth. 2017. The Venetian Discovery of America: Geographic Imagination and Print Culture in the Age of Encounters. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 143–72.

Zondervan, Henri (1864–1942) internal: Dutch geographer, teaching in gymnasia in Bergen op Zoom, Warffum, and Groningen, retiring in 1930; killed in Auschwitz.

Ormeling, Ferjan. 2006. “The Development of Cartography Manuals in Western Europe: Henri Zondervan.” In Development of Ideas and Methods in Cartography: Materials of the Commission’s Meeting in Kaliningrad (August, 2006), ed. Aleksey V. Postnikov, 5–11. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences, S. I. Vavilov Institute of the History of Sciences and Technology for the International Cartographic Association, Commission on History of Cartography. Reprinted in Ormeling’s Cartography: Presented to Ferjan Ormeling on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday and His Retirement as Professor of Cartography, ed. Elger Heere and Martijn Storms (Utrecht: Faculteit Geowetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht for the Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 2007), 183–89.

Ormeling, Ferjan. 2020. “Henri Zondervan, 1864–1942.” Allard Pierson. 4 May 2020. https://allardpierson.nl/blog/henri-zondervan-1864-1942/.

Zöppritz, Karl (1838–1885): German mathematician and physicist (habilitation Tübingen 1865); professor of geography at Kömigsberg (1880–1885).

Zurla, Placido [Giacinto] (1769–1843): Venetian theologian and antiquary; member of the Camaldolese (Benedictine) monastery of St. Michele on Murano (1787–1810), appointed cardinal vicar of Rome in 1821. HPC 36.

Sanseverino, Faustino. 1857. Notizie sulla vita e le opere di Placido Zurla Cardinale di S. R. C. Milan: Antonio Ronchetti.